宾语从句的精讲精练

宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。 展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。 主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。

陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。 特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。 三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。 留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。 [歌诀解码] 一、三姊妹

宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：

We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、三关 1. 引导词关

如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序关

①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 3. 时态关

①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week.

②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.

注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用

1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：

“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问

号。如：

Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？ 四、两副面孔

if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如： If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句） I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？

宾语从句专项练习

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8．Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.

I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him.

I asked him what _____ _____ _____. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai. 二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me ___________?

A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left ( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen ( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.

A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see __________.

A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter ( )10. He asked his father _______.

A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen ( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it

( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking

( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.

A that B what C why D which

( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?

─ Sorry, I've no idea.

A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought

( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.

A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another ( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone ( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.

─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains

( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive

C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives

( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.

A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )20. He asked me _______.

A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held

C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held

( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that B. how C. what D. if ( )22. You must remember _______.

A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said ( )23. I don”t know ______ .

A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?

－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been

( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.

A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?

A. who B. what C. when D. that

( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where

( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?

A. what B when C why D how

三、用合适的连接词填空。

1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）

4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）

5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)

7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)

9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what) 四、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） → I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） → Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy. 4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句) 五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.

2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?

4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work). 7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.

8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him. 10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.

宾语从句参考答案：

一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was

二、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—15:CCBAD 16—20:BCDAC 21—25:DACCA 26—30:DCCBA

三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what

四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 5.will they

五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works 7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go 4.how to get