I．对立观点型论说文的写作模式
• 常见模式 ：1）一种观点认为…… • 2) 另一种观点认为…… • 3）我的看法
例 1：CET4/6 1999.6 例2： CET4/6 1995.1
1. 认为读书要有选择 1. 有些人认为金钱是幸福之本 2. 认为应当博览群书 2. 另外一些人认为金钱是万恶之源 3. 我的看法 3. 我的看法
值得注意的是：
最后在表明自己的看法时，如果看法与前面列举的某种观点相同或相似并且需要论述理由时，切忌重复前面提到的论据。在拟定提纲时就要合理分配论据。
对立观点型论说文常用套语：
1) 如何点明主题
a. Different people have different views/opinions/perspectives on _______ .
不同的人对……有不同的见解。
b. When being asked about ……, different people will offer different answers. 当被问及…时， 不同的人会给出不同的答案。
c. …… has become a hot topic among people recently. Opinions vary from person
to person.
…已经成为人们谈论的热门话题，不同的人对此有不同的看法。
d. There is a public debate/discussion/controversy today about the problem of
… 如今关于……的问题，公众已经展开了辩论/讨论。
2) 如何引出两种对立的观点
a. Some people suggest/maintain/hold the opinion that … .
But/However/While/Nevertheless/Yet/ other people hold a different point of view.
They think ….. 有些人认为…,
但是另外一些人却持有不同的观点。 b. Some people are inclined to think that …
On the contrary/ In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree,
and they claim … 一些人往往认为……,
但是仍然有些人对此表示异议，他们认为…… c. When it comes to …， some people think/believe that …… While others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.
当谈及…的时候，有些人认为 … 但其他人却站在相反意见的一边。
3）如何陈述自己的观点
a. For my part/As to to/As far as I am concerned, I prefer/agree to the former/latter. 就我而言，我赞成前/后一种观点
b. In my opinion, both are right to some extent. When we …, we should take
into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision. 我认为双方都有一定的道理。当我们…， 我们应该全面地考虑该问题， 然后做出正确的决定。
c. I am in favor of/ I’m on the side of …… 我赞成……
d. There is probably some truth/reason in both arguments/statements, but ……
两种观点都有一些道理， 但是……
II．说明利弊型论说文的写作模式
常用写作步骤
1. 描述某一现象 2. 分析其优点
3．分析其缺点 4. 我的态度或看法
例1 (CET4 1992.12)
Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports 1。运动的积极因素 2。运动的消极因素 3。我的体会
例2 CET4/6 1996.1
Two-day Weekend 1. 双休日给我们大学生带来的好处 2. 双休日可能产生的问题 3。我应当怎样过好双休日
写作要领：
1）在分别说明优缺点时切忌凌乱。
2）要做到有条理，可以使用过渡词或词组，如：
firstly, secondly, finally; For one thing…, for another…… 等
3）最后一段表明自己的看法时，应给出相应的理由，或提出更好的方法。
说明利弊型论说文常用的套语
1。如何说明事物的优点
a. There are several advantages in /of….. . ……有几方面的优点/好处
b. Nothing/few things can be compared with …in terms of …
在…方面，几乎没有什么东西可以和…相比
c. …… has a positive impact/influence/effect on people’s lives …对人们的生活起了积极的作用
d …… is playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives
… 在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用
2．如何说明事物的缺点
a. However, …, just like anything else, …… has its negative side.
然而， 和其他事物一样，…也有其不好的一面。
b. Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored. 当然，缺点也是不容忽视的。
c. However, it has some drawbacks. 但是它也有一些弊端。
d. However, just as everything has two sides, … also has many disadvantages. 但是， 正如每个事物都有两面性一样，…也有很多缺点。 e. However, the negative aspects are also apparent/obvious/ evident.
To begin with, … To make matters worse, … Worst of all , … 不足之处也显而易见。首先，…更糟的是，… 最后， …
3) 如何表明利大于弊
a As to me, I think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. 就我而言， 我认为利大于弊。
b Anyway, I still believe … has more advantages than disadvantages. 不管怎样， 我仍然相信…..的利大于弊。
C But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side. 但就我而言， 我认为它积极的一面更重要。
III. 问题解决型论说文的写作模式
写作步骤 ：
1. 描述情况 1. 提出问题
2. 分析原因 2. 分析各种解决方法 3.. 我的对策或看法 3. 结论 例：
CET4 1990.6 CET4/6 1997.6
1. 城市绿化的现状 1. 大学生了解社会的必要性 2. 绿化的好处 2. 了解社会的途径 3. 怎样才能实现绿化 3. 我打算怎么做
问题解决型论说文常用套语
1）如何引出话题
a. Nowadays, … has become a problem we have to face.
b. Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem ….
c. Recently, the issue/problem of … has drawn/arouse/captured worldwide attention.
d. In recent years, may people/cities/nations have been faced/troubled with the problem of …
e. With the rapid development/growth/improvement of economy, great changes have taken place in ….
2) 如何分析原因
a. Here are many/several/a number of reasons for it. First… Second… Finally … b. The reason can be listed as follows. For one thing,,, For another …
c. What has led to this problem? In the first place… In the second place … d. Perhaps the main/primary/most important reason is … e. There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon 现象 f. Some people may trace/attribute/owe this problem to ….. g. …is also/partly/chiefly responsible for the problem.
3) 如何提出解决方案
a. The first key factor to solve this problem is… Another key factor is … b. People have found many solutions/approached to dealing with this problem.
c. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestion which may be of
some help.
d. Faced with …, we should take some effective measures to cope with the situation.
e. Obviously if we ignore/are blind to this problem, the chances are that…/it is likely that… f. We need to take a clear/fresh look at this problem/situation in a new perspective从一个新的角度， otherwise …
IV. 阐述主题型的写作模式 内容
格言/成语
1 揭示蕴意
2 以例证展开论证 3 结论（号召或建议
其它（1）
1 提出一种现象 2 分析其中原因 3 我的看法（前景或评价）
其它 （2）
1 引出主题
2 我的观点 3 结论
写作要领
1）在举例说明谚语或格言所包含的寓意时，要保证例证有说服力。
2）列举多个例证时，切忌简单的罗列几个例子，要注意多个例证的有机连接。 3）一般说要将最重要、最典型的例子放在最前面以引起读者的兴趣。 4）平时学习中要注意一些常用谚语或格言的收集，弄懂他们的含义。 例：
CET 4/61997. 1 CET 4/6 1998. 1
1 为什么“熟能生巧” 1 社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品，为什么会有这种现象？
2 在英语学习中… 2 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会的危害 3 如……
阐述主题型论说文的常用套语
1）如何引出格言、谚语
a. Here is an old saying, … It’s the experience of our forefathers (祖先）. However, it is
correct in many cases even today.
b. One of the ancient philosopher said, … Chinese people have always been holding their idea to
be one of their stands of morality. ( 视为道德标准之一） c. One of the great early writers said that …
2) 如何举例说明
a. For example/ for instance b. Take … for example
c. A good case in point is …. ( 一个恰当的例子是…)
d. Perhaps the most important/dramatic/striking example of … is…
e. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example in the following. 下面的例子是最好的方式来证明这一观点。
f. … is often cited/quoted as a familiar example of … g. suppose that …
3) 如何证明事实
a. No on can deny/ignore/doubt /overlook the fact that …
b. The idea/view is hardly/barely supported by the facts. (在事实面前站不住脚） c. There is considerable evidence that… ( 有大量的证据证明……)
d. The latest survey/studies/polls conducted by… indicate/reveal/show/prove that … e. As indicated /shown in the statistics, 正举/数据表明…… f. Indications are that … g. Evidence is that ……
4) 如何进行结论性结尾
a. From what have been discussed above, we may come to/reach/draw the conclusion
that….
b. Take into account all the factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that …
c. In summary/in conclusion/in a word/in brief/in short/to sum up/ on the whole, it is
important that …
d. In summary, I would like to say that … is an issue that deserves immediate attention . e. Personally/as far as I am concerned/for my part/as for me, I am in favor of/against the former/the latter. (就个人而言， 我赞同/反对前者/后者的观点。
V． 图表作文的写作模式
常用步骤 1 观察图表 2 描写图表 3 分析问题 4 慨括总结 5 修改定稿
如何进行修改：
1）内容是否全面，有没有遗漏图表里的信息。 2）检查段落结构，条理是否清楚，主题是否突出。 3）通读全篇，修改语法、拼写和标点等错误。 例
CET 4/6 2002. 6
Students Use of Computers
1 上图所示为1990年、1995年、 2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化 2 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可以从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 3 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
CET 4 1991.6
Changes in People’s Diet
1 State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years 2 Give possible reasons for the changes 3 Draw your own conclusion
图表作文常用套语
1）如何说明图表
a. As we can see from the chart/graph/table/diagram,… b. The chart/graph/table/diagram shows/displays that …
c. As (can be) shown in/according to the chart/graph/table/diagram, …. d. The figures/statistics in the chart reflect/show/reveal that… e. The chart/graph/table /diagram illustrates/describes …
f. It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph/table/diagram that…
2) 如何表示“数据”
a. Compared with A , B has a higher percentage. ( 与A相比， B 有更高的比例。） b. On the top of the list is 。。。， which accounts for 60% （占比重最高的是…，占60%） c. At the bottom is …, which takes up 20% （占比重最低的是…, 占20%） d. A is second to B （A 仅次于B）
e. A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 20% （A 占比重最高， 接下来
是占30%的B和占20% 的C ）
f. … account(s) for /take(s) up 10% …占10% g. … has/have the largest percentage/proportion of … … 占有最大的百分比/比例
3）如何表示 “数据的变化”
A. 表述数目的增加、减少和波动 a. The number of … increased/rose
suddenly/rapidly/considerably/dramatically/sharply/gradually from…to…
b. There was a slight/slow /steady/gradual boom/increase/rise in the number of …
from … to …
c. There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial decrease/drop/reduction/decline in the
number of … from… to …
d. The number of … dropped/went down obviously/evidently/apparently
e. The number of … increased/rose/decreased/fell/dropped/ declined by …% from…to….
B. 表示数据变化不大或没有变化
a. The number of … remained steady/stable/constant between … and … b. The number of … stayed the same between… and … c. There was little/hardly any change in the number of … d. The number of … appeared to level off. (开始稳定下来）
C 表示数目最高点或最低点
a. The situation/figures reached a peak at …% in … b. The situation/figures bottomed out at …% in … c. The figures reach their highest/lowest point in … d. The figures were at their/its peak/nadir
D. 表示倍数
a. A is twice/three times/four times what it was in … (是原来的两倍/三倍/四倍） b. A is twice/three times/four times the amount in …
c. A is twice/three times/four times as much/many as… in … d. A is twice/three times/four times more than … in
e. The figure was doubled/tripled/quintupled between … and … f. … in 1990 was 400% up compared with in 1980
( 和1980年相比，1990年的…增加了四倍
VI 书信的写作模式
常见步骤
1 称呼 （a. 写给团体、组织机构/ b. 写给个人） 2 正文 3 落款
常见写作格式 发信人地址
（四六级考试中通常不必写地址） Dear Sir, (称呼） Dear John, 正文 （可以是三段或多段） yours sincerely 姓名 （四六级考试通常没有要求写日期） 例1: CET4/6 2002.1
A letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信， 内容应涉及食堂的 饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以 兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002
例 2 : CET4/6 2001.6
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying . Write a letter to Xiao Wang , a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given (in Chinese) below:
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出度假安排的建议 3. 提醒应注意的事项
June 23, 2001
书信作文分类讲解 1. 投诉信 目的：希望某事得到改善或某问题得到补救
写作内容：
开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，并表明写作意图。
主体段：说明投诉的原因； 说出具体的理由；说出问题的具体体现方式； 表达你的心情；
提出解决问题的方法和建议；表明你的希望等。
结尾段：表达你希望问题能马上解决的强烈愿望；感谢有关人员所作的努力；希望尽快得到
满意的答复。
投诉信的常用套语
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
I am writing to you to complain about …
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with … I am afraid that I’ve to inform you that …
There are some problems with …that I wish to bring to attention. In the first place,…in the second place, …
To reverse/improve this situation, it is advisable/desirable/recommended/suggested that… I do hope that the problem will be solved as soon as possible.
I hope my suggestion will be taken into consideration to improve the situation. It is high time that…
2. 询问信 目的：寻求所需的信息或帮助
写作内容
开头段：表明写作意图， 具体说明寻求什么样的信息或帮助。 主体段：询问具体问题； 强调所需信息的重要性。
结尾段：表达获取信息的强烈愿望； 提供联系方法；对有关人员表示感谢。
询问信的常用套语
a. b. c. d.
I would like to inquire about some information about … I would like some detailed information on…
I am writing to you in the hope/hoping that I may obtain …
I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information with regard to/about the following aspects. e. Would you be so kind as to let me know …
f. I am greatly concerned about …
g. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be greatly appreciated. h. I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
3. 道歉信 目的：向收信人表示歉意，请求对方对自己的某些过失表示谅解。
写作内容
开头段：表明写作意图； 对某事表示歉意。 主体段：说明道歉的具体原因
结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求谅解；并表示你愿意为此作补救。
道歉信的常用套语
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
I must apologize to you for … I am terribly/awfully sorry that …
It is thoughtless/inconsiderate of me to do …
I an afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you.
I sincerely hope that you can understand that I offended (冒犯）you unintentionally. I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for … I hope you can kindly accept my apology. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
4. 感谢信 目的：向收信人表达感激之情
写作内容
开头段：表明写作意图， 向对方表示诚挚的谢意。
主体段：高度评价对方的帮助；列举为何对对方心存感激。 结尾段：再次表示感谢
感谢信的套语
a. b. c. d. e. f.
I am grateful to you for…
I am thankful/obliged to you for your unselfish assistance.
I take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation of your kind help to me.
It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say. Again, I would like to express our warm thanks/gratitude to you.
My thanks/appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words. I wish I could repay it some day.
5. 邀请信 目的：发出邀请，请求对方参与或出席某活动
写作内容
开头段：表明意图， 向某人发出邀请
主体段：说明邀请的具体原因及邀请的内容 结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复
邀请信常用套语
a. I am pleased to invite you to participate in … to be held from … to … in… b. It’s my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to … c. I hope that you won’t decline my invitation.
d. Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation? e. If you accept, we shall, of course, pay you a fee plus expenses. ( 支付一定的报酬和费用）
f. I do hope you’ll be able to accept our invitation.
g. Do you agree to our arrangement? If you could prefer different arrangements, we shall fit in with them. （ 我们将配合你。）
h. I am looking forward to your reply, and eventually, seeing you.
6. 求职信 目的：写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。
写作内容：
开头段：表明信息来源，并说明写作意图。
主体段：介绍自己的相关工作经历、学习经历以及自己的个性等。表明你可以胜任 这个工作 。
结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望得到尽快的答复。
求职信的常用写作套语
a. I have read your advertisement in … of June 26 for a secretary, and should be grateful if
you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position.
b. I wish to apply for the position of … which you advertised in … on June 26.
c. I am very interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining a post as a(n) … with your
firm/company.
d. I am keen to apply for a job vacancy with your company.
e. I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education
and work experience.
f. I graduated with a BA degree/a Master degree/a Doctorate degree in from … in (时间）。
g. h. i. j. k.
I believe that I am well qualified，both psychologically and academically，for the post. I am fairly experienced/proficient/competent/skillful in …
I am available for an interview any moment. Please contact me at … I can come for an interview at your convenience.
I hope you would take my application into account favorably and grant me a job interview.
l. I have enclosed my resume/c.v. with this letter.
7. 求学信 目的：写信人申请某所学校就读的信件。
写作内容：
开头段：简单自我介绍，说明写作意图。
主体段：介绍相关学习经历、工作经历及本人个性。 结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。
求学信的常用写作套语
a. I wish to pursue my Master’s degree in your prestigious university.
b. I wish to apply to admission to your department as a post-graduate student.
c. I am greatly interested in your graduate program in College of Law and wish to apply
for admission.
d. would you be so kind as to provide me with some relevant information?
e. I am writing to ask for admission to your department. It’s my long-cherished dream to
pursue my study in your honored department.
f. If further materials are required, I am only too willing to forward them to you.
g. I shall be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and
work experience.
h. I will certainly feel honored if I could be admitted to your university which is famous for
its long history and a fine tradition of scholarship. ( 因历史悠久、治学严谨而著名）
8. 推荐信 目的：写信人向收信人推荐第三人做某件事情。
写作内容
开头段：说明写作意图，并说明推荐人与被推荐人之间的关系。
主体段：说明推荐原因，介绍被推荐人的相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人秉性。 结尾段：表示感谢和期待
推荐性的常用写作套语
a. I am very glad to recommend to you a former student of mine, Mr./Miss …, to be an
ideal candidate for …
b. it’s my great pleasure to have been asked to produce a letter of recommendation for Mr./Miss …
c. There is no doubt that … is sufficiently qualified for the post he/she is applying for . I
stand up for his/her application without reservation. ( 我毫无保留的推荐他/她） d. I have no hesitation in recommending … for admission to your graduate program. e. If any further information about him/her is required, please let me know. f. I should be very grateful if you would consider his/her application seriously.
g. In view of his/her accomplishments, I am firmly convinced that he/she will make a
successful graduate student.
h. Armed with a strong sense of responsibility, commitment, enthusiasm and diligence,
Mr./Mis … will definitely be competent for …
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