（强调句、倒装句、省略句、there be 结构）
1. He never said that he was good at mathematics, ____?【05北京春】 A. was he B. wasn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he 2. Lose one hour in the morning 京春】
A.
but B. and
C. or
D. so
1．It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. 【04福建卷】 A．because B．which C．since D．that
2. There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on ---sleep, and one of them is: _____to bed early unless you think it is necessary. 【04重庆卷】
A． doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go
3. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say? 【04上海卷】 A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
4. — I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! — _____.【NMET04全国】
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
5. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ______ any end to their influence man’s lives. 【04广东卷】
A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there
6. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____the importance of studies. 【04重庆卷】
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
7. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. 【04上海卷】
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 8. - Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
- _______? 【04全国4】
A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come 9. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you? 【04江苏】
-- _________. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
10. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _______?【04上海卷】
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
13．It is these poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu , such as headache and aching muscles . 【2003上海】 A．who B．that C．how D．what 14．Only when your identity has been checked , . 【2003上海】 A．you are allowed in B．you will be allowed in C．will you allow in D．will you be allowed in
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you will be looking for it the rest of the day. 【05北
15.Mrs.Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ? 【2002上海】 A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she 16.—You forgot your purse when you went out. --Good heavens , . 【2002上海】
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did. 17. It is the ability to do the job _______matters where you come from or what you are. A．one B．that C．what D．it 【NMET2000】
18. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. that C. then D. so【NEMET1998】
19. It was about 600 years ago _____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when【NEMET1997】
20. It was not until 1920 regular radio broadcasts began. 【NEMET1995】 A. while B. which C. that D. since
21. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other. A．they had quarreled B．they have quarreled 【NMET2003】
C．have they quarreled D．had they quarreled
22. Not until all the fish died in the river how serious the pollution was .
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized 【NMET1995】 C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
23.The research is so designed that once ______nothing can be done to change it.【NMET2002】 A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
24.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him . 【NMET1995】 A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
25. The Parkers bought a new house but_______will need a lot of work before they can move in. (2001)
A.they B.it C.one D.which
【答案与解析】 1. C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。关键词是never said，符合前否定后肯定；said无需否定转移，
助动词选did。句意：他从来未说他擅长数学，是吗？
2. B 该题考查连词的用法。此处是“祈使句+and+句子”句型。句意：早晨失去一小时，你一天都找不回。
3. A 考查强调句的用法。此处在疑问句中对句子的强调。非强调句应该是What do you want me to say?句意:为什么！我没有什么要坦白的，什么是你要我说的？
4. B 该题是根据交际情景中考查倒装句的用法。“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”表示“也不怎样”。根据
第一句I would never come…得知助动词应选择would。句意：“我再也不来这家餐馆了。饭太差了。”“我也不来了。”
5. C该题考查倒装句的用法。关键词是there is no end和neither。由于neither方句首因此倒装，由
于前面提供的事there is因此需用there倒装。句意：做好无止境，对于人生的影响也是如此。 6. D该题根据交际情景考查倒装句和动词时态的用法。only then放居首句子倒装，realize的动作在
failed之后发生过选过去时。句意：我上学期期末考试没及格，只有在那时我意识到了学习的重要性。
7. B 考查倒装句的用法。Not only … but also 在这里连接两个句子，第一个句子中not only位于句
首，应该使用倒装语序，因此，B正确。句意他们去树林里野餐不仅带了点心和饮料，而且还带了牌进行娱乐。
8. A 该题是考查句子的省略。what for相当于“What do you ask to do that for?”意为：为何，问目
的，单独使用。也可以理解成习惯用语。How come意为：为何，问原因，往往后面跟句子。如：How come you never visit us any more? 你为何不再来看我们呢？句意：“苏珊，请你去把抽屉倒空好吗？”“为什么？（有什么用？）”
9．A 该题考查句子缩略的用法。I hope not意为：希望不是这样。I hope so意为：希望如此。句意：
“你没丢票，是吗？” “希望没丢，我知道此刻再买张票不容易。”此题关键是第一句话用了前否定
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后肯定的反意疑问句，因此要选A。
10. A 考查反义疑问句的用法。本题题干含有一个 that引导的同位语从句具有很强的干扰作用，主
句的主语是Bill's aim其代词形式是it，因此，A为正确答案。句意：比尔的目的是想告知观众在电视上作香烟广告是违法的。
11．D 该题考查强调句型。“It’s +强调成分+that+…”这是借助于it对句子的宾语、主语、状语强调。
with great joy是句子的状语，因此这是强调句，故选that。句意：得知找到他失散多年的女儿的消息，他非常地高兴。
12. D 该题考查祈使句的用法。关键是is后面的冒号，引出对前面tips的解释。tip 意为：劝告，告诫。告诫，劝告一般用祈使句。因此选择D。句意：在罗杰博士的关于睡眠的演讲中有八处告诫：不要早睡除非你认为有必要。
13.B 考查强调句式，强调句式为It is（was）+被强调部分+that+其他成分，因此B正确。 14.D 考查倒装句，only强调句子的状语，如果置于句首，要使用倒装序，D为正确答案。
15.D 考查think .believe. suppose等词后的宾语从句的用法。这些词后的宾语的运用应注意以下两点：
（1）宾语从句的否定应前移。（2）主句的主语如果是第一人称，它的反意疑问句是对从句的反问；如果主句的主语是第三人称，它的反意疑问句是对主句的反问，正确答案为D。 16.B 考查so引导倒装句的用法。在此句中so表示同意，句式为so+pron+aux.v
17．B该题考查由“It’s…that”引导的强调句型的用法。对主语the ability to do the job强调。Matter在
此意为：重要, 有重大关系。句意：以个人的工作能力重要的不是你从哪里来,或是做什么的。 18．B 该题考查由“It’s…that”引导的强调句型的用法。对时间状语only when I read his poem recently
强调。句意：直到最近我重读他的诗作才开始欣赏它们的美。
19．A 该题考查由“It’s…that”引导的强调句型的用法。对时间状语about 600 years ago强调。句意:大
约600多年前，就已经制造出了带有表盘和时针的钟表。
20．C 该题考查由“It’s…that”引导的强调句型的用法。对时间状语until 1920强调。句意：直 到
1920年，定期的电台广播才开始。
21．C 该题考查倒装句和时态的用法。never once放句首故选用倒装句；前面的have been married for
40 years和never得知该句是强调到目前的结果故选现在完成时。句意：这对老夫妇结婚40年了；俩人从未吵过一次架。
22． A该题考查倒装句的用法。Not until all the fish died in the river放在句首,主句主谓结构借助于助
动词倒装。故选A。句意：直到河里所有的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染的严重性。
23．D 该题考查连词加分词作状语的用法。本题是so…that 结构，that 之后的句序可以补充调整为
nothing can be done to change it once it is begun .省去 it is, 用once begun 作状语，或理解成连词(once) +分词作状语，句子主语（nothing）是动词（begin）动作的承受者故用过去分词，故D为正确答案。句意：调查研究的形式已经设计好，一旦开始是无人能更改的。
24． A 该题考查动词不定式省略的用法。动词不定式省略是借助于替代词to来实现的。不定式中的动
词可以省略但to 不能，以避免重复。例如：want，hope，would like，would love，intend，plan，tell等动词后面都可接to，省略不定式中的动词以避免重复。句意：那个男孩想在大街上骑自行车，但他妈妈不让他骑。
25. B 考查it的用法。it指前面已经提到过的人或事物，it作真实主语或宾语。句意：帕克买了一套新
房子，但在他们搬入之前还需做大量的工作。 第二节 考点归纳 一、it 的用法
在英语中，it的使用相当广泛，它既可用作代词，如人称代词（personal it）、指示代词（demonstrative it）及非人称代词（impersonal it）, 也可用作引导词（anticipatory it）和强调结构中的强调词（emphatic it） （一）it作代词
1、用作人称代词（personal it）代替前文提到过的事物，it作真实主语或宾语。
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力，但这没起作用。
2、用作指示代词（demonstrative it）相当于this或that，it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。
-Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门？ -It's me. —是我。
3、用作非人称代词（impersonal it）
代词it可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、
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气体、阴暗等）。
It's half past ten. —“十点半”（指时间） It's about two kilometers. -大约两公里。（指距离） It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。（指自然现象） It is sixty-three dollars. 六十三元（指价值） （二）it作引导词
1、作形式主语（formal subject）
当主语是动词不定式短语、动词的-ing形式短语和主语从句时，为了避免头重脚轻，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语。这个it称为引导词（anticipatory）it，作形式主语，放在谓语动词后的主语是真正的主语。 (1) 代替不定式短语
Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? 国庆节前完成这个设计有必要么？ It is not a good habit to stay up late.开夜车不是个好习惯。 （2）代替动词-ing形式短语
It is no use crying over spilt milk.泼水难收。 Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗？ （3）代替主语从句
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the movie.你没去看这个电影， 真是可惜。 Does it matter if he can't finish the job on time?如果他不能按时完成那工作要紧吗？ 2、作形式宾语(formal object)
当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语、宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而把引导词it放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语的中间。放在宾语补足语后面的宾语叫真正宾语，放在全句谓语动词和宾语补足语中间的引导词it叫形式宾语。 （1）it代替不定式短语
He feels it his duty to help others.他感到帮助别人是他的职责。 (2）it代替动词-ing形式短语
I think it no use telling them.我认为告诉他们没用。 (3)it代替从句
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们想向公众表明，他们所做的工作既重要又有必要。 （三）it用在强调结构中
当我们要强调句子的某一部分（通常总是主语，宾语或状语）时，常用强调结构。其形式为“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分”。在这种结构中，it无实际意义，它只帮助改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分受到强调。如I told her the news at the gate yesterday. 这个句子就可借助it改为下列几种形式，各强调一个不同的成分。 1、强调的成份 （1）强调主语
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. 昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的是我。 （2）强调宾语
It was her that I told the news at the gate yesterday.昨天在大门口我告诉消息的是她。 (3)强调地点状语
It was at the gate that I told her the news yesterday. 我昨天是在大门口告诉她这个消息的。 (4)强调时间状语
It was yesterday that I told her the news at the gate. 我是昨天在大门口告诉她这个消息的。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star. 直到她拿下墨镜我才认出她是著名的影星。
2、使用“It is/was…that”强调句型要注意的几点
（1）被强调部分指人时，其后除了用that之外，也可用who或whom。强调的是主语时，使用who；强调的是宾语时，使用whom。
It was Mary who picked up the wallet. 是玛丽拾到了那个钱包。
It was one of my old schoolmates whom I visited yesterday. 我昨天去看的是我的一位老校友。 It was Jack that I met in the park last week.我上星期在公园遇到的是杰克。 It was her that I met in the park yesterday.昨天在公园时里我遇到的是她。 (2)强调句的时态
一般说来，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，则用句型“It is .... that(who, whom) ... 。”如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用句型“It was ...that(who, whom)....”
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.只是在最近我在读他的诗时才开始欣赏到它的美。
It is Smith who is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.是史密斯先生明天去北京。
(3)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when、where、why或how，只用that。
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It was in Shanghai that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1, 1921.中国共产党是在上海于1921年7月1日建立的。
注意：可用“It is/was because…that…”结构强调because引导的原因状语从句，如上例所示，但不能用该结构强调由since或as引导的原因状语从句，如不能说:It is everybody is here that let's begin our discussion.也不能说: It was as it was raining hard that they had to stay at home. （4）强调“not...until”结构
在强调“not...until”结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型“It is/was not until ... that ... 。” 其中that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
My father did not come until 12 o’clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.昨晚直到十二点我父亲才回家。 （5）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成份时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。 Did this happen in Guangzhou?
Was it in Guangzhou that this happened? 此事是在广州发生的吗？
（6）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是：“疑问词+is/was it +that … ？”
When did you get to know her?
When was it that you got to know her?你是在什么时候认识她的？ （7）可以强调方式状语和以because引导的原因状语从句。
It was unwillingly that he did it for me. 他是不情愿地替我做的那件事。
It was because he was ill that we had to come back early.正是因为他病了，我们才不得不早归。
（8）可以强调宾语补足语，当连系动词不是be，表语部分是名词性词组时，也可使用这种结构强调表语，但是，当连系动词是be时，不能强调表语。
It is white that they painted the house. 他们把房子漆成的是白色。（强调宾语补足语） It is a chief engineer that he becomes now. 他现在担任的是总工程师。（强调表语）
（9）强调句的谓语动词除了可采用现在时和过去时的单数形式外，有时根据需要还可采用复杂的形式。
It must have been Mary that you saw just now. 你刚才看到的一定是玛丽。
注意：对谓语动词强调不能借助于It is/was … that…结构，要借助于助动词do, did, does，意为：确实、
真的、务必、一定。如：
Do come on time next time.下次一定要准时来。 He did know the truth.他确实知道真相。
Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时务必要小心。
二、省略
为了避免重复，省略句子的一个或几个句子成分，使语句简练，结构紧凑，收到一定的修辞效果，这种语法现象称为省略。
（一）不用替代词的省略 1、省掉主语
(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。 (I) See you later. 回头见。
(I) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 2、省略谓语或谓语的一部分
They learn French and we (learn) English. 他们学法语，我们学英语。 (Is there ) Anything I can do for you ? 要我帮忙吗？ 3、省略表语
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am (a teacher). 你是教师吗？是的，我是。 4、省略宾语
This is the book (that) I'm looking for.这是我正在找的书。 5、省略主语和谓语或主谓和谓语的一部分
(Come )This way, please. 请走这边。
What a good boy (he is )! 他是多好的学生啊！ 6、省略主、谓或宾
-To whom did you lend the book?你把书借给谁了？ -To John.(I lend the book)约翰。 7、as…as结构中的省略
这种结构中，从句于主句重复的词可以省略；把两个时间地点等相比较时，第一个as可省略。 He can be( as )happy in hard times as in good days.他在艰难岁月里能像在好时光时一样幸福。 8、所有格后的名词
名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、办公室、店铺、教堂或上文己暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。
We'll go to the doctor's （clinic）in a minute.一会儿我们要到医务室去。 9、状语从句中的主谓省略
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① 在以if、when、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,而且从
句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。 He will not come unless (he is ) invited.除非邀请他才肯来。 ② 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构 if it is possible, when it is necessary 等都是这种结构。 He ran as fast as (it was) possible.他拼命跑。
If （it is ）necessary, put a comma.有必要的话，加一个逗号。
10、在限制性定语从句中作状语的关系副词when、why、where也可以省去。
This is the very reason (why) I want to kill you. 这就是我为何要杀死你的理由。 This was the first time (when) I had visited Beijing.这是我第一次参观北京。
11、当wh-疑问从句作宾语时如果其内容与上文重复可以省略从句，只保留wh-疑问词。
He will come back, but he doesn't know when (he will come back). 他将回来，但不知道什么时间。 12、 在状语的独立分词结构中，分词往往可以省略
The meeting (being)over, they walked out of the hall.会议结束了，他们走出了大厅。 The work (having been) done, he left the office.做完工作后，他离开办公室。 （二）、用替代词的省略 1、to代替不定式
to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try等动词连用。
-Would you like to come to the party? -你愿意参加晚会吗？ -I'd like to (come to the party). -我愿意。
注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。 -Are you on holiday?你放假了吗？
-No, but I’d like to be ( on holiday).没有。不过我真愿意。 -She hasn’t done it yet.她还没有做。 -She ought to (have done it).她该做。 2、so 和not
so 可以代替单词、词组或句子，做call, expect, hope, do, fear, imagine, suppose, speak, tell, think, believe, be afraid, see, notice等宾语；not代替句子,用法和so相似，并可以放在perhaps, probably, absolutely等副词后面。
-Is the famous singer going to give any performance at the evening party? 这位著名歌手在晚会上要表演节目的吧? -I expect so. 我想是吧。
-I expect not. (I don't expect so.)我认为不会。
He must be a teacher. I imagine so.他一定是老师。我认为是。 -Do you think so? 你是这样想吗? -Absolutely not. 当然不是。
注意：so作替代词一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，口气比较委婉，不表示肯定，也不表示否定，因此，在表示肯定或怀疑的答句中不可用so。再know和ask后也不可用so。 3、do
do可以用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。 -Did you see the film?你去看那场电影了吗？ -Yes. I did.是的，去看了。
He speaks English more fluently than you do.他英语讲得比你流畅。 4、do so, do that,和do it
（1） do so 可以替代动词加宾语，也可以替代动词加状语。
She said she would go with me, but she didn’t do so.她说她要和我一起去，但她没有。
Just finish off watering the flowers. And let me know when you have done so.赶快较完花，等你浇完时通知我。 （2） do so 替代动词加宾语时，so可以用it或that所取代，it指具体事物，that表示较重的语气。
Henry is going to make the experiment and he wanted me to do it, too.亨利打算做试验，他曾想让我也做。 He played cards after supper and I watched them do that.他们吃完晚饭后玩牌，我看着他们玩。 （3）do so, do that,和do it一般只用于替代动态动词，而不适合替代静态动词。 - Alice feels better today.爱丽斯今天感觉很好。 - I think she does. （正） -Yes, so does she. （正） -I think she does so. （误） -I think she does that. （误） I think she does it. （误） 5、one和ones
one和ones具有泛指的性质，常指替代单数或复数名词，不能替代不可数名词。使用时应注意： （1） one和ones与其所替代的名词在数方面和句法功能上可以不一致以及所指意义上可以不同。
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I prefer the new edition to the old ones.和旧版本相比我更喜欢新版本。（数不一致）
Do you see the teachers over there? The one wearing blue coat is his father.你看见那些老师了吗？那个穿蓝上衣的是他爸爸。（句法功能上不一致）
I don’t like this film. I like a more interesting one.我不喜欢这部电影。我喜欢看更有趣的。（所指对想不同） （2） one前面有this或that，ones 前面有these或those，或者前面又形成对比的形容词、最高级或the next, the
last时one和ones可以省略。
Let’s finish the exercise so we can do the next （one）.我们做完这个练习，好做下一个。
（3） 所有格my, your, our, her, their 被其相应的物主代词mine等代替时。不用one或ones. This is my pen, not yours.(不能说yours one) I prefer to use my own.(不能说my own one)
（4） Whose和名词所有格后面不能用one或ones。own后不能用one或ones。 Whose is it?(不能说whose one)
Her bike is better than her brother’s.（不能说brother’s one） 6、one和that作替代词时的区别
（1） one 可以代替人或物，that只能代替物。
I haven't a book; can you lend me one? 我没有书，你能借我一本吗? I have a brother, one in the army.我有一个哥哥，他在部队。 Look at the clock, that the wall.看那座钟，墙上那座。
（2） one只能代替可数名词；that可替代可数名词与不可数名词。
The novel is as interesting as the one I read last year.这本小说和我去年读的那本一样有趣。 The weather here is rather hotter than that in Beijing.这里的天气比北京的热。 （3） one 可以有前置或后置定语；而that只能有后置定语。 Your answer is better than that of hers.你的答案比她的好。
This is a red pen, and I have three other blue ones.这是一枝红钢笔，我还有三只别的。 Please look at the map, the one on the right wall.请看地图，右边墙上的那幅。 （4） one（不加定语）表示泛指；that表示特指。
The music is as sweet as that we heard yesterday.这首曲子和我昨天听的那首一样美。 （三）、倒装
英语最基本的词序“主语+谓语动词（+ 宾语）”通常十分固定，但在一些句子中，由于语法、修辞、强调或句子结构上的需要，主语、谓语和宾语不是处于正常语序，而是把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做倒装。
1、倒装的类型
倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 （1）全部倒装(complete inversion)
全部倒装就是整个谓语部分放在主语之前。
In front of the house stands a tree. 房前有一棵树。 Here comes the bus.车来了。 （2）部分倒装(partial inversion)
部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分（通常是助动词、情态动词）放在主语之前。 Never shall I forget the day.我永远忘不了这一天。
Only in this way can we finish the work.只有这样，我们才能完成工作。 2、语法倒装 （1）在疑问句中
Is breakfast ready yet? 早饭准备好了吗？ （2）在“there+ be”结构中
There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有些课本。 （3）以表示“运动方向”的副词开头的倒装句
为了使叙述或描绘更加生动，常将表示运动方向的副词 (如here，there，out，in，up，off，down，away，back等)放在句首，谓语动词为go，come，run，rush等表示位置转移的动词，主语为名词。用一般现在时或一般过去时。 Be quick! Here comes the bus. 快点汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。
注意：如主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。 Here it is.它在这儿。
（4）省略了if的虚拟条件从句
虚拟结构中的条件从句省if去时，这时were、had及should须移到主语前面，从而形成倒装。 Were I in your position, I would go.要是我处在你的地位，我就去。
Had it not been for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.如果不是票免费，我不会那么经常去看电影。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.如果明天下雨的话，我得推迟去
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看扬浦大桥。
（5）“so+be（have、助动词或情态动词）+主语” 句型
把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）。 She can swim. So can I.她会游泳，我也会。 -I like swimming in winter.我喜欢冬泳。 - So do I .我也是。
In an earthquake, the earth shakes. And so do you. 地震时，地球震动，你也会震动。 Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也跟着变了。 比较：“so+主语+助动词”结构的用法
如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，确实”时，句子不用倒装语序。 -It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.你太粗心了，把衣服整夜放在外边。 -My God! So I did.天哪！还真是这样。
（6）“neither(nor)+be（have、助动词或情态动词）+主语” 句型
把neither、nor、no more放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人（或物），需用倒装语序 -Do you enjoy that trip?你旅途玩得高兴么？
-I'm afraid not. And neither did my classmates. 恐怕我不高兴，我同学也是。 （7）感叹句的倒装
How happy the children are!孩子们多幸福啊！（表语前置）
What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received!这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊！（宾语前置） （8）以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句
当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，或为了使上下文衔接紧密时，常使用倒装结构。 On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅巨大的画像。
Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer. 大树底下坐着一个老农夫。 （9）many a time和next等时间、次数或顺序的副词位于句首时要到装 Often did she come to my home in the past.她过去常到我家来。
Long did we wait before hearing from her.我们等了很久才收到她的来信。 Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.我许多次看见她独自散步。 （10）well, so, gladly等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时常到装
Well do I remember the day I saw her first.我第一次见到她的那一天，我记忆犹新。 Gladly would I accept your proposal.我很高兴接受你的建议。 （11）直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装 “I don't think so”, said Tom. 汤姆说：“我不这样认为。” （12）however引导的让步状语从句
however为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于no matter how。 however后面接形容词或副词，其基本结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。如:
However cold it is, she always goes swimming.无论天气多么冷，她总是去游泳。 4、修辞倒装
（1）“only+ 状语”放句首倒装句
副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。 Only by taking a taxi can you arrive on time. 只有打的你才能按时到达。
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.只在那时我们才意识到那人是个瞎子。
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年当战争结束时他才能回家。 （2）连词as/though引导的让步状语从句的倒装句
这种状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语”。在句首的如果是名词，不要带冠词;但如果名词前有形容词修饰，则常常带冠词。
Clever as he is, he doesn't study well.他虽然聪明，但学习并不好。 Old as he is, he is full of energy.他虽然年老，但精力充沛。
Child as he was, he was very brave.尽管他是个孩子，但他非常勇敢。
Try as you may, you can't persuade him.尽管你很努力，你不可能说服他。 （3）以否定词开头的倒装句
为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有：hardly, scarcely , barely, seldom, never, not, little, not only, not until, on no account(决不), in no way, nowhere, at no time, in no case, not on one’s life, no sooner, by no means, under / in no circumstances等。 Never have I seen him before.以前我从未见过他。
Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也未出。 （4）so/such…that引导的结果状语从句的倒装句
so/such位于句首修饰形容词或副词或名词表示强调时，主句要用倒装语序，后面通常接that引导的结果状语从句。 So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.那个湖太浅了，里边没有鱼。
Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的力量太大了，把所有的窗户都震破了。
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（5）表语和状语放在句首，引起主语和谓语倒装句
为了保持句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接时，常将表语和状语放在句首，引起主语和谓语倒装。
On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die.地上躺着一只有病的老山羊，它是到洞里来等死的。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了。 （6）in ,out等副词放句首倒装句
为了生动地描写动作，in, out, away, up, down, off等副词可以放在句首倒装。 Away flew the bird！鸟扑地一声飞跑了！ Down went the small boat!小船沉没了！ （7）在某些习惯用语中的倒装
How goes it with you ? 你好吗？
How came it that she knew the secret?他怎么会知道那个秘密的？ （8）not it结构
在否定回答中，not有时放在主语前面。 “Will it rain?””Not it.”“会下雨吗？”“不会。”
“Are you ready?” “Not I.”“你准备好了吗？”“我没有。” “I think you can come tomorrow.” “我想你明天能来。“ “Not we.” “我们来不了” 巧学倒装句:
一、辨清结构
A．位置副词there句， 全为句子保平衡， neither,nor,so也如此， 上述全部倒着行。 B. 部分倒装要记清。 位置副词主人称， only否定词放句首，让步、虚拟有感情。 二、记牢引词
9N 2S 和only,还有little,hardly。
9N:no,not,never,neither,nor,not until,not only but also,no soonerthan,no matter。 2S:so,seldom。 三、注意位置
only,NU主倒装，NB前句也一样，NM前后不用管，NN前后全倒装。
only+状语从句和Not until+状语从句位于句首时，只有主句倒装，从句不倒装。
四、there be 结构
英语中有一种表示“什么地方或时间存在什么事物”的“存在”句型，常用“there +be +名词+地点（时间）状语”结构。这种句型以非重读的there为引导词，there本身没有词义，以动词be的某种形式作谓语动词，以表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组作为句子的主语，be和主语的数必须一致。句子最后为表示地点和时间的状语。 （一）“there + be”结构中的名词及主谓一致 1、一个名词或代词作主语
当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，其谓语必须用单数is；当主语是可数名词复数时，其谓语必须用复数are。 There is a river in the picture. 画里有一条河。
There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。 2、并列名词作主语
如果There be句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时，be应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数，be用is；如该名词是复数，be用are。
There is one book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书两支钢笔。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架上有两个瓶子，一只烟灰缸。 （二）“there +be”结构中的时态与语态
1、“there +be”结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 There are some books on the desk。桌子上有一些书
There was an accident last night. 昨晚发生了一个事故。
There have been many changes in the village recently. 最近这个村庄发生了许多变化。 2、there可和各种助动词或情态动词连用
There may be a bird on the branch. 树枝上也许有一只鸟。 There must be no more time wasted. 不能再浪费时间了。
There used to be a cinema here before the war. 这里战前曾有一座电影院。
3、there be结构中的谓语动词可以是“be going to/seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/…+be（原形）”。 There seems to be something wrong with it. 它好象有点毛病。 There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。
There isn't going to be any meeting tonight. 今天晚上没有会。 4、“there +be”结构中的谓语动词有时可采用被动语态。
There was said to be a fairy in the forest. 据说树林里有一位仙女。
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There is expected to be more discussion. 希望多讨论。
There is reported to be a number of the wounded on both sides. 据报道双方都有伤者。 （三）“there +be” 结构的否定和疑问结构
“there +be”结构变成否定句时，须在动词be后加not(any)或no。变成疑问句时，将动词be提到there之前，句子其余部分不变。回答用yes或no,后接简单答语Yes，there is/are. 或No，there isn't/aren't. 。 1、There be结构的一般疑问句
（1）Is+ there+ a/an+单数名词+介词短语?
-Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗? -No, there isn't. 不， 没有。 -Yes, there is. 是的，有。
（2）Is+ there+不可数名词+介词短语?
-Is there any water left in the mug？杯子里剩下水了吗？ -No, there isn’t. 不，没有。 - I’m afraid not.恐怕没地方了。
（3）Are+ there+ any+复数名词+介词短语?
-Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗? -Yes, there have. 是的，有。 -Not, there won’t. 不，没有。
（4）情态动词或助动词+ there be+名词+介词短语?
-Have there been any letters from Jack lately?近日杰克有信来吗? -Yes, there have. 是的，有。 -Not, there won’t. 不，没有。 2、There be结构的特殊疑问句
这种句型主要用来询问“某处有多少人或物”，有下列两种情况： （1）How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少学生? How many books are there on the desk? 桌上有多少书？ （2）How much+不可数名词+is+ there+介词短语?
How much water is there in the glass?杯子里有多少水？
How much sand is there on the playground?操场上有多少啥？
3、There be句型的反意疑问句结构
（1）There is + a/an+单数名词+介词短语+ ， isn’t there? （2）There is +不可数名词+介词短语+，isn’t there?
（3）There are+ any+复数名词+介词短语+, aren’t there?
（4）There + 情态动词或助动词+ 名词+介词短语+,情态动词或助动词的否定+there? There is a book on the desk, isn’t there?桌子上有本书，是吗？ There is some water in it, isn’t there?那里边有些水，是吗？
There are many people in the street, aren’t there?大街上有很多人，是吗？
There will be a new film on in the cinema, won’t there? 下周电影院上映新电影是吗？ 4、There be结构的否定
（1）There be + not+ 名词+介词短语
There isn’t a computer in the room. 屋子里没有电脑。 There are not any books on the desk. 桌上没有书。 （2）There +情态动词或助动词+not be + 名词+介词短语 There hasn’t been any rain recently. 最近没下雨。 There won’t be a meeting tonight. 今晚没有会。 （3）There be + no+ 名词+介词短语 There is no money left. 没钱了。
There are no books on the desk. 桌子上没有书。 （4）There +情态动词或助动词+ be + no+名词+介词短语
There will be no one in at that moment. 那时将没人在家。 There might be no money left. 可能没剩下钱。 （四）There be结构中be的替代
there + be 这种结构，谓语动词除be之外，还可用live，lie, exist, stand, remain, go, come等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词。
There stands a tree in front of the house. 房前有一棵树。 Once there lived an Emperor. 从前，有一个皇帝。 （五）“there+be”结构的非限定形式
there+ be结构的非限定形式是there to be和there being两种形式。在句中可以作主语、宾语和状语。
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⑴作主语
there being结构可以起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语；当“there to be+名词（词组）”作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，并且用for引导。
There being a bus stop near the house is a great advantage. 房子旁边有个停车点，真是方便极了。 There not being an index to this book is a disadvantage. 这本书没有索引，查找很不方便。 It would be surprising for there to be no objections. 没有反对意见，这倒令人吃惊。 It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。 ⑵作宾语
①作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构。能这样用及物动词为数有限，常见的有expect, like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate等。
We expect there to be no argument. 我们希望不再出现争吵。
Would you like there to be a picture on the wall?你喜欢墙上挂幅画吗？ People don’t want there to be another war. 人们不希望再有战争。
②在作介词的宾语时，如果介词是for，便只能用there to be结构，其它介词要用there being结构。 The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 老师在等着大家都安静下来。
I never dreamed of there being any chance for me to try. 我做梦也没想到有让我试试的机会。 ⑶作状语
用作状语的there be非谓语形式，通常用there being结构。
There being nobody in the room, he didn’t go in. 由于屋里没有人，他没进去。
There being no further business, the chairman closed the meeting. 没有什么事，主席宣布散会。 There being nothing else to do we went home. 没有什么事，我们就回家了。 （六）“there+ be”结构与have的区别
have表示所有关系，前有主语，意为“归主语所有”；“there +be”则表示“存在” 的状态，即“某地有某物/某人”。 I have a computer. 我有一台电脑。
There is a radio on the desk. 桌子上有一台收音机。 There are three children in my family。我家有三个孩子。 I have three children. 我有三个孩子。
第三节 巩固提高
1. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ________ to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D. it
2. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________ didn't help. A. he B. which C. she D. it
3. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work._____must be something wrong with it. A.It B.There C.This D.That
4. Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see________. A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 5.The volleyball match will be put off if it_________. A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining
6.If it_______for the snow, we_______the mountain yesterday. A.were not;could have climbed B.were not;could climb C.had not been;could have climbed D.had not been;could climb 7.________from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
8.. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he
9. In fact_______is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A.this B.that C.there D.it
10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It
11. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for
12.I don't think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it
13.I hate________when people talk with their mouths full． A．it B．that C．these D．them
14. It was not _______ she took off her dark glasses _______ I realized that she was a famous film
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star.
A. when; that C. until; when D. when; then
B. until; that 15. Was it during the Second World War _______ he died? A. that B. while C. in which D. then 16. It was not until ____ that________to prepare his lessons． A．did his father come in；the boy began B．his father came in；the boy began
C．did his father come in；did the boy begin D．his father came in；did he begin
17. It was _______ she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed． A．not still B．just still C．only until D．not until
18. It was in the bookstore ____ I met your brother the other day． A．where B．that C．in which D．in that
19. Was it in 1969 ________the American astronaut succeeded______landing on the moon？A.when；on B．that；on C．when；in D．that；in 20. Is _________ necessary to tell his father everything? A. it B. that C. what D. he
21. Was it in this place _________ the last Emperor died? A. that B. in which C. in where D. which 22. Is_________possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. now B. man C. that D. it
23. Was_________that I saw last night at the concert?
24. ________ was in 1979 _______ I graduated from the university.
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
25. ---Wasn't it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when ---________.
A. I didn't know he was C. No, he wasn't B. Yes, it was D. Yes, he did 26.Be quick! ________.
A. The bus comes here C. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus B. The bus here comes 27. On the wall _______ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
28. ---I like swimming in winter. ---________.
A. So do I B. So I do C. So do I, too D. So I do, too 29. ---David has made great progress recently. ---________, and________.
A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you 30.---Do you enjoy that trip?
C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have ---I'm afraid not. And________.
A. my classmates don't either C. neither do my classmates B. my classmates don't too D. neither did my classmates 31. After that we never saw her again, nor ________ from her A. did we hear B. we heard
. C. had we heard D. we have heard 32. ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brothers?
---I don't know, ______ .
A. nor don’t I care C. I don’t care neither B. nor do I careD. I don’t care also
33. ---It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
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---My God!___________.
34. ---John won the first prize in the contest. A.So did I B.So I did C.So were you D.So did you ---_________.
A.So he did B.So did he C.So he did too D.So did he,too 35. Only after liberation _______ to be treated as human beings. A. did they begin C. they did begin B. they had begun D. had they begun 36. Only by taking a taxi________on time.
A. you can arrive there C. can you arrive there B. arrive there you can D. there you can arrive
37. Only by practising a few hours every day _______ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
38.Only when the war was over in 1945 ________ to get to a college education. A. he was able C. was he able B. he is able D. is he able
39.Only in this way________progress in your English. A. you make B. can you make
C. you be able to make D. you will be able to make
40. Not until I began to work _______ how much time I had wasted. (1990)
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized 41. Little ________ about his own safety though he was in great danger himself. 42. Not until all the fish died in the river ________ how serious the pollution was. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared A. did the villagers realize C. the villagers did realize B. the villagers realized
D. didn't the villagers realize
43. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life ________so happy. 44. Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ what heat is. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt A. man did know C. didn't man know B. man know D. did man know 45. Not only ______ polluted but _____ crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets C. was the city; the streets were B. the city was; were the streets
D. the city was; the streets were 46. ________ got into the room ________ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had; then C. He had not; than B. Hardly had he; when D. Not had he; when
47. ________for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
48. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 49.________, he doesn't study well.
A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is 50.So________that no fish can live in it.
A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow 51. We'll have to finish the job, ________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long 52. ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together C. long however it takes D. however long it takes . A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late 53. ________no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
D. However late he is
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A.It has B.There has C.It is D.There is
54. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work._______must be something wrong with it. A.It B.There C.This D.That
55.When and where to build the new factory_______yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided
56.---We could have walked to the station;it was so near. ---Yes.A taxi_______at all necessary.
A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be 57._______a reply,he decided to write again. A.Not receiving B.Receiving not
C.Not having received D.Having not received 58.---Who is Jerry Cooper?
---_______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 59.---Will you stay for lunch?
---Sorry,______.My brother is coming to see me. A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t
60.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ________. A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to
61.His best-known work that is_____ all praise can be seen in the nuseum. A．Without B. beyond C. with D. within
62.If you really want yourself to be in good health, you nust_____always _____ so nuch. A.not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
63.Not only ________polluted but ________crowded.
A.was the city;were the streets B. the city was;were the streets C.was the city;the streets were D.the city was;the streets were 64.Tom kept quiet about the accident _____lose his job.
A.so not as to B.so as not to C. so as to not D.not so as to
65.It isn’t cold enough for there______a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out safely. A.to be B.would be C.being D.was
参考答案：1.D 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.A 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.B 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.B 30.D 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.C 39.B 40.B 41.B 42.A 43.D 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.C 48.B 49.C 50.C 51.D 52.D 53.D 54.B 55.A 56.A 57.C 58.D 59.B 60.A 61.B 62.A 63.C 64.B 65.A
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