考研试题

考研语法新思维讲义

主讲：云唯真 目录

第一章：句子结构新

论..............................................................................................................................................2 第二章：B 随时间变化（时

态） ...............................................................................................................................3 第三章：虚拟语

气......................................................................................................................................................5

第四章：动词用法 B  A/C/a+/b+/c+（非谓语动

词） ....................................................................................5 第五章：A / C / a+ / b+ / c+ 以句子代替 （从

句）.................................................................................................8 第六章：主格结

构............................................................................................................................................11

第一章：句子结构新论

A（主语）：物主优先（无灵主语） 人们乐于上网

Surfing on line addicts people tremendously. 人们离不开手机

Mobile phone associate/connect people.

Mobile phone turn into the chief media for people to communication. 人们似乎愈加不注意家庭伦理

A+ B+ C+ A B 谓语 系V 主语 C

宾语 表语 主语 + +

主语多样化 更客观  更生动 拟人目的：

Familyethics are seeming fading away from people’s mind/eyes. Intel靠技术赚钱

a+ b+ ：以介宾短语代替形容词做定语（后置） e．g． 宗教之城 A city of religions 寺庙之城 A city of temper 有……的人

A men of sense , size , and style. b+ ：状语

口语：He can always understand me. 书面语：He , always , can understand me

第二章：B 随时间变化（时态）

一般时：（略）

完成时：

过去完成时不能使用，前后至少有一个一般过去时铺垫 进行时： 记不起副词

文章中名词多，则档次高 ②以介宾短语代 替副词

主谓之间：（格式 主，状，谓句首句首渲染原则①位置：记不起形容词 文章中名词多，则档次高 目的：

作业：在以下几个方面造句：

叛逆的时尚

⑴：现在进行时  具体和画面感的描述当今社会各种现象，以夸张手法唤起共鸣、 中西差异

Every story of kungfu movies is seemingly taking place among swaying bamboos and falling leaves.

家长对孩子期望大

Every parent is haunting among various training classes with the children per weekend.

⑵：过去/将来进行时

两个具体句型  通常用在作文第二段第一句，效果非常好。 I was dong sth. the day 2/10/20 years ago.

I will be doing sth. the day 2/10/20 years later

I was learning how to use my feet and legs to walk instead of crawling on the floor the day 20 years ago.

I will be cooking in the kitchen on the Mars using special vegetable the day 20 yearslater.

I will holding her hands , stepping onto the scarlet rug , listening to the holly music , entering a Catholic church and saying :“I will” People were doing sth. the day 2/10/20 years ago.

People will be doing sth. the day 2/10/20 years later

作业：在以下几个方面造句：

人际交流，通讯方式，消费问题，教育问题 将来：一般  抽象将来进行  憧憬未来

过去：一般  抽象过去进行  往日重现，具体过去

作业：在以下几个方面造句：

交流通信；环保；教育观；审美观；择友观；择业观；娱乐方式；家庭观； 消费观。

 在作文中遵循时空双轴原则，或者以时间为线，或者以空间为线，此进行时可以

在作文时满足时间轴线

People were showing BPcall seemingly casually the day 10 years ago.

People were wearing jeans with irregular holes cut by themselves the day 10 years ago.

第三章：虚拟语气

形式： 时态退格原则

实用非常规句形 常规句形： 条件句

If_____________________________, _____________________________. 非常规句形：

____________________ as if ______________. (打比方  作文首段描述题干) e.g.

2002年作文：

This western girl is wearing Chinese traditional costumes of minor nationalities

as

if she were born and brought up from Chinese cradle.

2005年作文：

These four offsprings refuse(reject) the responsibilities of supporting their aged father as if four “professional” goal keepers were defending preventing the ball from rolling in. ：

第四章：动词用法 B  A/C/a+/b+/c+（非谓语动词）

名词化形式 (两个形式均可做A/C) Difference:

to do : 想做,要做,还未做 (动感强一点) doing : 概念的,习惯的 (静感强一点) to do :

⑴: 做主语

逻辑主语比较级: (目的：先说态度再说动作——悬念) It + + to do sth. than to do sth.

It is much more effective to build more schools than to build more prisons. It is much more effective to prevent pollution in advance than to give penalties afterward. ⑵：做宾语

做干净(干掉sb.) make it cool(宾补)

sb.是个傻子

take it stupid(a fool)

逻辑宾语比较级: (目的:可以强调发起着(sb./sth.)前后的变化)

sb. + B (感观动词) + it + + to do sth. than to do sth. + (时间,地点状语) sth. + B (使役动词) + it + + to do sth. than to do sth. + (时间,地点状 A + B + to do

sb. + B (感观动词) + it (形式宾语) + a/ad (补语) + to do (逻辑宾语) sb. + B (使役动词) + it (形式宾语) + a/ad (补语) + to do (逻辑宾语) to do

doing

动词动感弱化

To do + B + C

It (形式主语) + B + C + to do (逻辑主语) 比较级 比较级 比较级

The boost of economy makes it more possible for people to purchase expensive commodities than (to do the same thing—省略) in the past. 关于娱乐方式,择业观

The boost of science and technology enable it more various to entertain than in

the past.

The pressure of employment / competition / high unemployment rate make it more realistic / pragmatic for graduates to hunt jobs than in the past.

The reform of stock-market enable it more possible / more approachable to become a millionaire than in the past.

The anti-trust law (反托拉斯法,反Monopoly 法) makes it more possible for

small-scaled companies to challenge the “Microsofts”(微软们—类似微软的大型公司) than in the past.

The Go-West Development Project (西部大开发) makes it impossible for graduates to be unemployment than in the past. ⑶: 做状语 (主要考虑结果状语)

……only to ……: (结果状语) 导致不愉快的,事与愿违的,不可测的结果 Women are educationed equally only to be treated as inferiors in their career life. 减肥却越减越肥

Some women prefer to go on diet crazily only to become Marsians(火星人) (go on diet:减肥) 学车却成了马路杀手

Some youngsters pay a lot of money and spend spare time on drivers training courses only to become car-killers. doing :

做主语 (目的:主语长谓语短 悬念后置)

Tip：在此句形中 [to do sth. than to do sth. + 时间,地点状语] 若是 [to do sth. than to do the same thing in the past] 这种形式,则 (to do the same thing) 省略. 直 接写成:[ to do sth. than in the past. ]

My ignoring the case hurts you.

西方人认为中国人过于客气,过于自谦是没有意义的.

Chinese people’s being over courteous and modest is meaningless（of no meaning sense）

in the westerners’ eyes.

网络病毒使查找资料,安排行程,举行会议,购买物品变得如此危险.

Holding seminars , searching for information , laying journeys and shopping online turn

into dangers with the appearance of virus.

精品店的天价使很多普通学生在节假日疯狂购物的梦想泡汤.

Students’ dreams of shopping crazily on holidays after receiving their part-time job wage fail at the windows of boutiques（“Guccis”(提喻)）.

动词形容词化：分词/不定式

分词做伴随状语（表让步） 目的：描述言行不一的情况

Wearing T-shirt , drinking cokes and listening to shaking with the beats of

hip-hop ,some youngsters advocate anti-Americanism.

Playing with toys , appreciating kungfu movies ，tasting（enjoying）the Chinese cuisine and depending on daily-used necessities made in China , some U.S.

politicians advocate China’theat. 分词做定语 （定语从句简化版） 现在分词表进行或主动 过去分词表完成或被动 the lost civilization the deserted civilization the exaggerated use the disguised lie

the forgotten history

第五章：A / C / a+ / b+ / c+ 以句子代替（从句）

Doing sth. Sb’s doing sth.

n. + of doing sth.

+ B + C + 介宾短语 (以地点,时间表示条件,原因) §8.1 主语从句 ⑴ 主语从句： ⑵ 简化为名词短语

社会尊重知识鼓舞着大学毕业生

That the whole respect knowledge inspires the college graduates.

The respect society’s respects upon knowledge inspire the college graduates. 在校积极参加社会实践使学生更快融入社会

Students’ positive participation into social probation enable them to adjust themselves to the social fierce competition.

§8.2 非限定性定语从句（补充说明）

( 限定性：The boy who is standing under the tree is my brother. ) 目的：附加，引申深入主题的陈述，不再是约束或定义某概念

2002 年作文：民族文化存在的理由在于他的独特性，而这些独特性正被全球化所模糊。 The reasons for the survival of national culture lie in their uniqueness which is dimmed

by the globalization , ignored by some youngsters.

2002 年作文：民族文化存在的理由在于他的独特性，而这些独特性的重要性正被部分青年所忽视。

The reasons for the survival of national culture lie in their uniqueness the

importance

of which is being ignored by some youngsters.

2002年作文：

National culture !

National or international ?

It remains a controversy , the purpose of which is to seek the most effective way to preserve the national culture .

The so-called “modern” families ,blindingly adopt the western thoughts of the independence of family members , which is a partial understanding of western family form , the full understanding of which should be not only mutual independence but also mutual affection (相互关爱).

2004年作文：

Our country has made tremendous achievements in economic reform , which

作业：在以下几个方面造句：

人们对亲情的漠然令人震惊 That + 句子 It + B + C + + B + C

That + 句_______子

should be the preparation for political and spiritual civilization . §8.3 状语从句

⑴ 时间状语从句（表示重要性）  辅助逻辑宾语比较级 until

⑶ 方式状语从句  辅助 ....... as if ...... 句形 ...... in the same way that ...... 同位语从句：

永远只跟在故事情节性名词后，阐述具体故事情节。（完整句）

（同位语从句：The news that Faye is going to marry the ugly man shocks us.） 补充：同位语：前面名词的另一种说法。（本质是名词） 前呼后应原则

Deng X.P

Deng X.P , a shorter a dwarf (矮子)，is considered as a titan in China.

Deng X.P. , a seemingly amiable grandpa , used to play an iron-handed role in history . Chen S.B.

Chen S.B. the trouble maker , possesses high popularity in the south of Taiwan .

Vladimir Putin (普京)

Vladimir Putin ，the former spy (espionage) , brings Russian economy into peace . Georage W.bush

Georage W.bush ,the cowboy from Texas which is a symbol of west culture of U.S. ; where

many Hollywood’s cowboy movies are hot , become the present of U.S. . Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower , the symbol of Pairs where ......

Eiffel Tower ， many romantic stories used to take place in French movies ,has been witnessing the French modern history .

Growth (成长) Growth , the process when we can acquire a lot of joy , sorrow , frustration , success ,

作业：在以下几个方面造句：

Pyramid (金字塔), Tian’AnMen Square, Yellow Crane Tower (黄鹤楼), Profit

持续观念行为+ until + 改变性的人 / 物 (句子重心)

作业：在以下方面造句：

家长给予子女以安宁和安全的环境，或许成为子女的温室和障碍。 challenges , loneliniss , failture and glory , ......

Graduation

Granduation , the occasion full of tears , smile , photos and alcohol , ...... Love Love , the stimulation(motivation , enging) by which timidness can turn into courage and ignorance into intelligence , ......

Love(Family ethics) , the linkage of the union and harmony of not only families but also the whole society , ...... Environment Environment , the one who is always being beaten by “profit” in some people’ mind , is the essential factor for the survival of humanbeings .

Idols Idols , the sample shouldering a lot of other’s admiration and enthusiasm , is nothing but ordinary people .

第六章：主格结构

§9.1 形式 §9.2 目的

做状语，描写和刻画环境（客观），氛围（主客观），心态（主观） 特写

倚天屠龙记：

Sword in hand and knife on back, they stepped onto the GM peak. Room empty and window open, people left...... Heart empty and window open, he left, ...... 海滨度假

Sun shining in the sky , seagulls around , foams kissing feet(between toes) , breeze murmuring beside ears(penetrating hair) , coconut trees , swaying in

distance , ......

登山Stick in hand, skin sticky, cloud accumulating, fading and tourists coming and going......

泡吧Light dimmed, dice noisy, smile ambiguous, wine red and green, jazz cozy, smoke 主格

（n．）+ 形容词 副词

介词短语 过去分词 现在分词

around......静业思

Computer on, coffee hot, magazine open, moon being hung in the sky, and beetles singing...... 2004作文

Tears in eyes, rags on body, body shrank and deep sorrow in heart......

“Tissot” around wrist , “Gucci” on body , “BMWs” used(driven) , villas being enjoyed , luxurious foods on table , fierce(flame) on face , ...... 2006作文

Hair shooting to the sky, T-shirt printed with the image of idols.....