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贝加因与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的分子光谱法研究

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第22卷第1期 2011年1月 化学 研究 中国科技核心期刊 hxyj@henu.edu.en CHEMICAL RESEARCH Study of interaction between baicalein and bovine serum albumin by molecular spectrometry XIONG Li—min ’ ~。SONG Sheng—mei ~,ZHANG Yin—tang ,XU Mao—tian ’ ’。 (1.Institute ofChemistry&Chemical Engineering,CentralSouth University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China 2.Henan Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of N口舢6 0z0g c口£Analytical Chemistry,Department of Chemistry, Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China; 3.Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China) Abstract:The interaction between baicalein and bovine serum albumin(BSA)was studied by means of fluorescence spectrometry and absorption spectrometry.The thermodynamic parame— ters of the reaction were calculated using Van’t Hoff equation.Besides,the number of binding sites and the apparent binding constants at different temperatures were calculated from fluores— cence quenching data using Stern—Volmer equation.Results indicate that baicalein is able to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching mechanism.The changes of en— thalpy and entropy for the reaction of baicalein and BSA are both above 0,which indicates that their interaction is dominated by intermolecular hydrophobic force.Moreover,baicalein is able to induce the conformational change of BSA.Relevant results could help to better understand the action mechanism 38 well as absorption and distribution features of drugs at molecular lev— el_ Keywords:baicalein;bovine serum albumin;interaction;molecular spectrometry CLC number:O 627.12 Document code:A Article ID:1008—1011(2011)01—0009—05 贝加因与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的分子光谱法研究 熊利敏 ~,宋胜梅 ~,张银堂。,徐茂田 (1.中南大学化学与化工学院,湖南长沙410083; 2.商丘师范学院化学系,河南省纳米生物分析化学重点实验室培育基地,河南商丘476000 3.郑州大学化学系,河南郑州450001) 摘要:利用荧光光谱和吸收光谱研究了贝加因与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,由Van’t Hoff方程计算了 反应的热力学参数,并根据Stern—Volmer方程计算了不同温度下的结合位点和结合常数.结果表明,贝加因可 静态猝灭BSA的内源荧光;二者相互作用的焓变和熵变均大于零,说明疏水作用力是二者之间的主要作用力. 与此同时,贝加因可诱导牛血清白蛋白构象变化.相关研究结果有助于在分子水平上更好地理解药物的作用机 理以及吸收和分布特性. 关键词:贝加因;牛血清白蛋白;相互作用;分子光谱 It is imperative to study the interactions of drugs with proteins SO as to better understand the interac tion mechanism and the absorption,distribution and toxicity of drugs. Of various proteins,bovine serum Received date:2O10 10 03. Foundation item:This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China(20775047 and 20905045). Biography:XIONG Li—min(1988一),female,master,engaged in the research of the molecular spectroscopy research. 1O 化学研究 2011年 aibumin(BSA)is usually used as a transporter for many drugs and other organic molecules to their tar— gets,due to its high affinity to many endogenous and exogenous compounds.In terms of studying the in— teractions between small molecules and biomolecules, fluorometric method with outstanding advantages such as convenience as we11 as high selectivity and sensitivity is of particular significance口一3].In the mean— time。thanks to a variety of interesting activities such as lipoxygenase inhibitory,hypotensive and antican— cer effects,baica1ein(5,6,7一trihydroxy一2一phenyl一4H一1一benzopyran一4一one,Fig.1)as a major flavonoid ex— tracted from Huangqin has attracted considerable attention【4];and it has been reported that baicalein can effectively resist bacterial infections,cancer and oxidative stress diseases . In the Dresent research,therefore,the interaction of baicalein with BSA was investigated by means of ultraviolet—visible light(UV—Vis)spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry.The quenching mechanism of BSA fluorescence by baicalein,the binding sites and the type of interaction were highlighted. 2 HO 0 4 H0 0H Fig.1 Structure of baicalein 1 Experimental The stock s01ution of BSA(Sigma—Aldrich Co,St Louis,MO,USA)with a concentration of 1×10_4 mo1.L一1 was prepared by dissolving as—received solid BSA in 0.5 NaC1 solution and stored at 0--4℃・ The stock solution of baicalein(Panya Chemical Co Ltd,USA)with a concentration of 1×10 mol‘L was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount of baicalein into ethano1. 20 mmol・L一 phosphate buff— ered saline(PBS,pH 7.4,containing 150 mmol・L sodium chloride)w3s used to control the pH value of the solution.All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water(18.2 MQ,Simplicity Plus,Millipore Cor— Doration).All other reagents were purchased from Beijing Chemical Plant(Beijing,China)and used with— out further purification. The absorption spectra were obtained with a 7 60一CRT dual—beam UV—Vis spectrophotometer(Shang— hai Precisi0n 8乙Scientific Instrument Company Ltd,China).Intrinsic fluorescence quenching sPectra be- tween 300--450 nm were recorded with a Shimadzu RF一5 30 1 PC spectrofluorometer(Shimadzu Corpora— tion,Japan;excitation wavelength 295 nm)equipped with a 150 W xenon lamp’1 cm quartz cells and a thermostat bath.The pH va1ue of the solution was measured with a pHS一2C pH meter(Shanghai Grand P Instrument Company Limited).Origin 8.0 was used for curve fitting.Fluorescence intensity was correc- ted according to reference[8]. 2 Results and discussion Fig.2 shows the absorption spectra of BSA in the absence or presence of baicalein.The absorbance in— tensitv at 220 nm and 235 nm decreases with increasing concentration of baicalein;that at 271 nm increases firstlv and then decreases with the increase of baicalein concentration,accompanied by red sh‘士t uPon addl- tion of baica1ein.This indicates that there exists interaction between BSA and baicalein・ Besides, an isobestic point emerges at 259 nm within a baicalein concentration range of 0—5.17×10 mol‘L_|1, which is attributed to the formation of a complex.To further verify the interaction between BSA and ba一 第1期 熊利敏等:贝加因与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的分子光谱法研究 11 icalein,the absorption spectra of baicalein in the presence of BSA were recorded(Fig.3).It is intriguing that the absorbance intensity of baicalein at 2 1 7 nm sharply decreases and disappears with increasing con— centration of BSA.However,the absorbance intensity at 265 nm decreases slowly,accompanied by slight blue shift to 259 nm and emergence of an isobestie point at 261 nm within a BSA concentration range of 0— 9.66×10 mol・I _。.Furthermore,the absorbance peak blue shifted to 255 nm with successive increase of BSA concentration;but the addition of BSA caused no obvious change of absorbance at 356 nm.This implies that the reaction between baicalein and BSA happens at the ring A(Fig.1)of benzolyL .The ex— istence of clear isosbestic points at 286 nm,337 nm and 403 nm also confirms the formation of baicalein— BSA complex. Cbaical (10 mol・I ~,curve(1—10): CBSA(10 mol・L~,curve(1—9): 0,0.9.1.79。2.65,3.51,3.93,5.17,6.78,8.33,9.84) Fig.2 UV—Vis spectra of 9.09 X 10一 mol・L一 0,0.49,2.4O,4.85,7.26,9.66,l4.4,19.1,26.1) Fig.3 UV—Vis spectra of 2.44 X 10一 mol・I ~。 baicalein in the presence of BSA at pH 7.4 BSA in the presence of baicalein at pH 7.4 Fig.4 shows the fluorescence spectra of BSA in the presence of baicalein.It can be seen that the in— trinsic fluorescence of BSA is quenched regularly and the fluorescence maxima inappreciably shifts with in— creasing baicalein concentration.This indicates that the tryptophan residues take part in the interaction of BSA with baicalein.The Stern—Volmer analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity(Fo/F )as a func— tion of quencher concentration[Q]at different temperatures was conducted to elucidate the quenching mechanism(Fig.5).As can be seen in Fig.5,the Stern Volmer plots are linear and the slope decreases with increasing temperature,which indicates that the quenching process is static[1 01. Cbai I in(tzmol・L,curve(1—9): .一295 nm 0,0.24,0.72,1.44,2.88,4.3I,6.21,905,1 6.1) Fig.5 Stern-Volmer curves for quenching of BSA by baicalein at pH=7.4(PBS) Fig.4 Fluorescence quenching spectra of 3.85 X 10一 mol・L一 BSA at various concentatirons of baicalein at 310 K The binding constant K and the number of binding sites can be obtained from equation(1)under the condition that drug molecules bind independently to a set of equivalent sites on a protein molecule Ell 3: log[ ]一logK 。gEQ] (1) 12 化学研究 2011年 The values of binding constant K and binding site can thereby be determined from the intercept and slope by plotting log(F。--Fc。 )/Fc。 versus log[Q],as shown in Fig.6.Relevant results are shown in Ta— ble 1. Table 1 Binding constant and binding site as well as thermodynamic parameters for baicalein-BSA systems at pH 7・4 The increase in the value of K with increase in temperature suggests that baiclaein BSA loses its sta— bility with increasing temperature,which corresponds to static quenching.The values of r/are approxi mately equal to 1,indicating that there is one binding site for baicalein towards BSA. The thermodynamic parameters, free energy changes(AG),enthalpy changes(AH)and entropy changes(AS),can be determined by using Van’t Hoff equation lnK。一一AH/RT+AS/R,and AG can \ be calculated according to equation AG—AH—TAS 一一RT lnK .The values of AG,△H and AS are al— so listed in Table 1.A negative value of△G means that the binding process is spontaneous,and a positive logtQ1 AS value is frequently taken as an evidence to hydro— Dhobic interactionE Besides,a positive value of AS A 一295 rim .and a negative value of△H for ionized species in aque— Fig.6 Stern-Volmer curves for quenching of BSA OUS solutions usually point to specific electrostatic in— by baicalein at pH 7.4 teractions.Since baicalein is largely unionized under the experimental conditions,electrostatic interaction can be precluded from the binding process.This means that the interaction between baicalien and BSA should be mainly hydrophobic. The synchronous fluorescence spectra(Fig.7)o{ BSA in the presence of baicalein were measured to ex— plore the structural change of BSA.As shown in Fig. 7 a。the introduction of baicalein results in decrease of fluorescence intensity of BSA and a slight red shift, suggesting that the interaction of baicalein with BSA affects the microenvironment of the tryptophan resi— due.It is likely that the hydrophobic amino acid structure surrounding tryptophan residue in BSA tends to collapse slightly,allowing enhanced exposure (a)△ 一60 Nin;(b) 15 nlT1.Cbaicalein of the tryptophan residue to the aqueous phase.The (“tool・L 1,curve 1一I1):0,0.1,0.481, 0.96,1.49,2.21,3.83,5.74,8.58,14.7,19.3 negligible shift of Tyr—residue in Fig.7b suggests that Fig.7 Synchronousfluorescence spectra of3.85 10I L the Tyr—residue is located in a hydrophilic microregion liSA upon addition of baicalein at 310 K and exposed to solvent molecules during the interac— in PBSwith a pH of7.4 tion Drocess[ 。一 引. Furthermore,the quenching of the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan residue is stronger than that of Tyr—residue,which suggests that tryp— tophan residue contributes greatly to quenching intrinsic fluorescence of BSA[ . 第1期 熊利敏等:贝加因与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的分子光谱法研究 13 3 Conclusions The interaction between baicalein and BSA was studied by means of UV—Vis spectrometry and fluores— cence spectrometry.It has been found that a complex of baicalein and BSA is formed through static quenching procedure,resulting in significant quench of BSA fluorescence.The quenching rate constant, binding constant and number of binding sites were calculated according to relevant fluorescence quenching data.The values of thermodynamic parameters△H,AS and AG at different temperatures demonstrate that the binding process is spontaneous,the binding reaction is mainly entropy—driven,and hydrophobic inter action plays a major role in the reaction.Synchronous spectra reveal that baicalein could change the confor— marion of BSA.Hopefully,the present research is to provide important insights into the interaction mech— anjsm of BSA wjth bajcalein. 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