高一英语人教版必修四Unit1 Women of achievement 语法：主谓一致

语法：主谓一致

主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement），指谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系 可分为:语法一致， 内容一致， 就近一致. （一） 语法一致原则

该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致， 即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式。主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 1. 确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语： 1) On the wall ___ (hang ) two large portraits. (be) some VIPs from the company at the meeting yesterday.

2) Seated at the front ____ 3) Here__ ___ (be)some envelopes and paper . 4) South of the city ___ (be)a large stadium . 5) In front of the girl ___ (be)some flowers .

2. 不定代词either, each, one, another, any-/ no-/ some-/every-合成词做主语时，谓语动词用单数， none 做主语指代可数名词时，谓语动词单复数均可。指代不可数，谓动用单数 1) Everyone ___ (arrive) so far.

(have) strengths and weaknesses.

2) Nobody __ ___ (know) exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth. 3) Each of the students __ 5) None __ 4) The students each___ _____ (have) strengths and weaknesses.

(permit) to enter the building yesterday.

(leave) the other day.

6) None of his money ___ 3. 主语后跟 with, as well as, no less than, rather than, together with, along with, but, except, besides, like, including, in addition to,等短语时，谓语视主语而定。(就前原则） 1) A library with five thousand books ___ _______ (offer) to the nation as a gift up to now. 2) The boy as well as his parents ___ 4) She as well as the other teachers____

(take)exercise every day. (be) going to Nanjing.

(be)about to help us when the police came.

3) All but one ___ ___ (be) here just now. 5) A farmer together with some workers____ 1) Many a boy ____ _ (read) the book since then. 2) More boys than one____ 3) More than one boy __ 4) Many a student ____ (read) the book at this moment. (be) there before. going to be a lawyer in the future .

4. many a, more than one，修饰可数名词单数，谓语用单数。

5. 当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名称作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers , shorts, shoes, glasses, chopsticks, scissors. 如果这些词由 a pair, piece, kind , type ,box + of 修饰,则用单数形式.“this kind/type of + 复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数；“ 复数名词 + of this kind /type”做主语时，谓语动词用复数 1) My trousers ____ (be)white and his clothes are black. 2) A pair of shoes ___ (be) lying here. 3) These kinds of glasses ____ (be) popular. 4) Machines of the new type __ _____ (make) in Shanghai. 5) The new type of Machines__ _____ (make) in Shanghai.

6) Many kinds of furniture _ ___________________ (transport) from Beijing to Tianjin now.

6. 表示单一概念的动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 1) Doing experiments _____ (be) a good way to find out answers to questions. 2) What matters ___ (be)not your intelligence but your diligence.

3) With the teacher’s help, I realize that reading English articles _____ (be) of great importance. 4) To see ____ (be) to believe. 5) When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ (have) not been decided yet . 7. 定语从句以及强调句型中的主谓一致

one of +复数名词+从句，从句的谓语动词应用复数，而 the ( only/very ) one of +复数名词+从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。例如：

1) This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ (have) been asked . 2) Sarah is the only one of the girls who ___ (be) in the band . 3) You are not the only one of the students who_ ______ ( find) it difficult to write well. 4) You are not one of the students who ___ 5) It is you, rather than Tom, that__ ( find)it difficult to write well. (be) to be blame. 6) I , who__ _____ only a common worker , will retire in two years.

（二）逻辑意义一致原则：就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单 数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。

8. 由“some of，plenty of，lots of，most of，the rest of，half of 或分数/百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与 of 后的名词保持数的一致。 1) Most of the novels ___

(be) not beneficial to the students.

(spend) in playing games in the recent years. ( send)to that area since last month. _ (see) the film since last month.

2) The rest of his money_____ 4) Half of the food__ 5) Half of the students___ 7) Two-thirds of the youth___ 1)When the injured ___ 2)The rich ____ 3) The rest of the peasants____ _ (be)still poor.

6) Three-fourths of the surface of the earth___ _ (be)sea.

_(be)for the plan.

9. “定冠词 the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。

_(rush)to the hospital，they came to life. _(donate)money to the poor in the past few days.

10. 当主语是 people, police, cattle, goods, the youth, clothes 等时，谓语动词用复数。1)The police ___ (ask) that anyone who saw the accident get in touch with him by now. 2)The cattle___ _(eat)grass at this time yesterday. 11. 主语是 family, army, team, group, crowd, class, committee, government 等集合名词，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指一个个成员或个体时，谓语就该用复数。 Our class ___ (be)a big family and ___ (be)all fond of singing English songs. 12. 不定代词 all, some 做主语，谓语动词要由其指代的名词决定。 “All___

_ present and all___

_(be) going on well”, our monitor said.（be）

13. 表示距离, 时间, 长度,价值, 金额, 重量等的词, 用复数形式时, 谓语动词一般用单数。 1)Two thousand dollars__ 2)Two hours_ _ (be)a large sum. (be)enough.

14. 单复数同形的名词做主语,要视其意义来确定谓语形式。means; series; fish; deer; sheep 等。

1)Every possible means ___ 2)All means ____ _(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (try)to solve the problem so far.

15. population 做主语,通常看作单数，若 population 前有分数、百分数修饰时，则句子谓语通常用复数。

1)The population of China ___ (increase)and about 70% of the population_ _(be) farmers. 2)What _____ (be) the population of China?

16. the number of +n 与 a number of + n.

The number of the students in our class___ _(be)55 and a number of pupils in our school __ (devote) to learning English. （三） 就近原则

17. 由 or, not only... but also..., not…but…, either...or, neither...nor，whether……or……连接主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如： 1) He or his brothers ____ (be)to blame for the accident. 2) Either you or I ___ ____ (be)mad. 3) Neither you nor he__ _____ (be) right.

4) Not only the teacher but also his family ____ (be) friendly to me. 5) Neither the students nor the teacher __ ____ (know) anything about it .

6) Not only his friends but also his brother ___________ (remind) to stay at home the other day. 18. there be 句型 谓语和相邻的，即第一个主语一致。 There ____ (be) two chairs and a desk in the room. There ____ (be) a desk and two chairs in the room. There ___ _______ (exist) many an advantage about the decision. 注意：and 连接两个或两个以上做主语 19. and 连接两个或两个以上做主语

①由 and 和 both…and…连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式。 ②但是如果 and 所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

1) Zhang Hua and Li Ming ____ good students. 2) Bread and butter__ ____ nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。 3) The worker and writer __ ___ (be) talking to the students. 4) The worker and the writer __ ___ (be) talking to the students. 5) Going to bed early and getting up early ___ (be) a good habit。

③由 every…and every…, each…and each…, many a…and many a …, no .....and no…等构成 复合主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: 6) Each man and each woman ____ invited last night. 7) No boy and no girl_ _____ there now. 8) Many a boy and many a girl __ (invite) by now. 9) In China every boy and every girl ___ ___ (have) the right to receive education. 10) No bird and no beast ___ ___ (be) seen in the bare island.

11) Many a boy and many a girl _ ____ (make) such a funny experiment at present.

总结

空中给动怎么办，先把句中谓语看；句中若是没谓语，此空要把谓语填；

时态参照前后句，语态/单复主语看; 及物动词加宾语，没有宾语被动现。