2015年河南专升本公共英语讲义-翻译+作文

一、汉译英 ............................................................................................................................... 2

1.汉译英考试要点 ............................................................................................................ 2 2.汉译英常考句式 ............................................................................................................ 4 二、英译汉 ............................................................................................................................... 4

1.英译汉的原则 ................................................................................................................ 4 2.英语长句的翻译 ............................................................................................................ 4 3. 英译汉常见短语及句型 .............................................................................................. 6 短文写作 ................................................................................................................................. 12

一、短文写作范文 ......................................................................................................... 12 二、短文写作练习题 ..................................................................................................... 14

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英汉翻译 英汉翻译概述

翻译是对考生英语综合应用能力的一项测试。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动，是连接两种不同语言的桥梁。在当今信息社会里，翻译起着越来越重要的作用。

翻译目的是要把别人的意思用译语尽可能准确无误地传达出来，而不是用译者自己的意思来代替别人的意思。翻译的这一性质决定了从事翻译的人只能充当“代言人”的角色，起传递信息的作用，而不能越俎代庖，随意篡改别人的意思。

专升本英汉翻译命题形式：考生将汉语单句译成英语或将英语单句译成汉语。评分标准：忠实与通顺，即“信”与“达”。所谓“信”，要求译文必须符合原意，不得有任何篡改；所谓“达”，就是畅达，指的是译文必须通顺流畅，符合语言规范，而不能在语言上给人以“翻译腔”的感觉。忠实与通顺，作为翻译的标准，是一个事物的两个方面，是统一的整体。好的译文，既忠实于原文的意思和风格，同时读起来又流畅。与原意大相径庭的文字，不管多么通顺，都称不上是成功的翻译。反之，译文生硬晦涩，词不达意，也起不到翻译的作用。 从近年专升本翻译考试来看，试题并不难，但译好不易。要想在英汉翻译试题中取得较好的成绩，考生除了打好语言基本功外，更应注意掌握较正确的翻译方法和必要的应试技巧。

一、汉译英 1.汉译英考试要点

汉译英的考核重点不仅仅是语法，而是学生的综合语言应用能力。一般来说，各种语法项目都会出现在译文中，其中，又以动词形式、主谓一致和复合句为重点。

1）动词形式

译文中一定要有动词。英语句子中必须有谓语动词，有些句中还有非谓语动词。谓语动词的时态要综合考虑。汉译英的句子动词时态以一般时态为最多，所给汉语往往是对现象、状态的描述，对过去发生事件的追述，或对将来的判断和描述。如： (1) 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。

The first time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes. (2) 小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。

Group discussion helps to understand the text better. (3) 我希望尽快收到你的照片。

I hope I can receive your photos as soon as possible. (4) 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。

In the physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about. 如果译文是复合句，要注意主、从句动词时态的呼应，如例(1)和例(4)。有些句子用一般现在时和一般过去时都可以翻译。如：

(5) 不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。

However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow.

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Or: However late it was, he never put off what he could do the day till the next day.

此外，要注意译文中非谓语动词的应用。如：

(1) 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。

Making full use of time doesn’t mean to keep (on) reading books from morning till night.

(2) 同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。

Compared with other students, the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.

此外，谚语中的动词总是用一般现在时。如： 他在实验中多次失败，但他相信失败是成功之母。 He (has) failed in his experiments many times, but he believes/believed that failure is the mother of success.

2）主谓一致

主谓一致是学生写句时最容易出错的地方之一。例： (1) 早睡早起有益于健康。

Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health. (2) 到目前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。

The English words we have learned so far add up to about 3500. (3) 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。

Washing hands often is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease. (4) 多吃蔬菜水果有益健康。

Eating more vegetables and fruits is good for one’s health.

3）复合句

汉译英的译文大多以复合句形式出现。译文中经常出现的复合句是状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句。有些翻译从所给中文或括号里的提示词可以直接看出译文复合句的类型，有些则不是很明显，要求在理解中文的基础上选用适当的连词来组句。有些翻译即所给的提示词为连词，但组句也不太容易。如：

(1) 我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。

before用法很多，仅引导时间状语从句就可表示多种意思。其中之一是“先……再……”。本句参考译文：We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion. (2) 他们应从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必。 “玩火者”即“玩火的人”，因此可以用定语从句或主语从句来翻译。

They should draw a lesson from the incident: he / one / anyone who plays with fire will surely burn himself. “玩火者”还可以译成those who play with fire 或those playing with fire 或whoever plays with fire。

4）特殊句型

有些翻译需要使用特殊句型，如强调、倒装，等。如： (1) 我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。

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Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today. (2) 他是为了逃避高考才出国留学的。

It was to escape (from) the college entrance exams that he went abroad for further study.

2.汉译英常考句式

1）times as…as…;倍数表达法 2）so…that…;结果状语从句 3）not…until; 时间状语从句 4）as long as 条件状语从句 5）too…to 6）not…unless

7）there be 结构 8）the+比较级……the +比较级 9）形式主语 10）as soon as/no sooner…than 11）No matter+疑问词 12）not only…but also 13） in case +从句 14）It is…that强调句

15） as if /though 16）It is reported/said that主语从句 17）Only when/if… 18）as far as…is concerned

二、英译汉 1.英译汉的原则

“准确理解、正确表达、认真校对，以求译文通顺达意。” 1）准确理解英语句子；

2）用通顺易懂的汉语句子表达； 3）适当运用翻译技巧；

4）认真校对，避免错译漏译，使译文通顺达意。

2.英语长句的翻译

在翻译长句时, 不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。

造成长句的原因有三方面:①修饰语过多;②并列成分多;③语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

3)分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它

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是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 5)注意插入语等其他成分。

6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

例1Even when we turn off the bed lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air conditioned.

分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作;C. 帮我们开动电冰箱;D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。

例2But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. 分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: 可是现在人们意识到;

A. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的;

B. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”;

C. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

例3It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. ……变的越来越重要;

B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;

C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成:

因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

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例4Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.

分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个的分句, 结果为:

人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

3. 英译汉常见短语及句型

1）not + 谓语动词 … + because … 的否定转移译法

2）not that …, but that …或强调形式It is not that …, but that … 的译法：不是……，而是

3）It was not until that … 与Not until … 的译法 4）cannot… too … 的译法: 再…也不过分，应该 5）not so much as 与其说……不如说……

6）no less than(no less… than) 不亚于；简直是，实在是 7）none other than不是……正是

8）nothing but = nothing else than = nothing less than不是别的……正是；完全是、实在是

9）much less = still less 更不，更无 10）anything but 根本不

11）all but 几乎，差一点，除……以外其余都是 12）but for 要不是；but that +从句：若不是…… 13）more than + 从句(谓语中含can或could)实在不能 14）“…，only to +动词”意为“……，结果却……” 15）Nor+because…“不是因为”……

16）(There+be) no+主语+but+谓语+其他(双重否定，翻译时用肯定句) 例：There is no man but has his faults.（人皆有过。） 17）not…but 不是……而是……； but not是……而不是…… 18）had(would)+rather + than 宁可……而不……

19）If only 只要……就……；only if 必须在……条件下才…… 20）“主语+be+the last+名词+不定式或从句”意为“决不至于……”，“最不……的”

汉译英练习题

1. 与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.

2. 如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。

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Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they can look for the information they need.

3. 既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。

Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. 4. 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

English is not only the most useful language in the world,but it is also one of the easiest languages to learn and to use.

5. 酒吧的老板一直在看那个姑娘跳舞，一面却假装没看。(while+V ing)

The owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to. 6. 在会上，他们讨论了如何保持师生间的沟通渠道畅通。(keep…open)

At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers and students.

7. 即使报酬并不优厚，我还是决定接受那个新职位。

I have decided to accept the new post, even though the job is not very well paid. 8. 这项工作在实际开始干之前，一直被认为是十分简单的。

The job has been taken to be very simple until (it is) actually started. 9. 既然你计划移居加拿大，你就必须努力适应冬季的严寒天气。

Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to cold weather in winter.

10. 他承诺帮我们买下那幢房子，但有点勉强。

He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance. 11. 这是一次重要的会议，请务必不要迟到。

It is an important meeting. Please see to it that you are not late for it. 12. 他是个有经验的商人，做国际贸易已有好几年了。

He is an experienced businessman who has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.

13. 他决心向那个女孩谈自己的计划，即使他知道她很有可能拒绝听。

He made up his mind to talk to the girl about his plan, even though he knew she might very well refuse to listen.

14. 听到那首歌，我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些困苦的日子。 When hearing the song,I couldn’t help crying and remembering those difficult days. 15. 每个想过健康生活的人，都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻找适当的平衡。

Finding the right balance between work and play is necessary for a person who wants to lead a healthy life.

16. 她如此专心地读那本书，以至于有人进来她也没意识到。

she was so absorbed in reading the book that she was not conscious of someone coming in.

17. 他第一次会议就迟到了将近一个小时， 给大家留下了一个很糟糕的印象。

He was late for almost an hour for the first meeting,leaving a bad impression on everyone.

18. 周教授一生都致力于语言教学事业。

Professor Zhou was committed to the cause of language teaching all his life.

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19. 请把电视关掉，因为噪音会使她分心，无法专心做作业。

Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework. 20. 在报名参加这门课程前，你最好对它有所了解。

You’d better learn something about the course before signing up for it. 21. 该对推动当地经济发展起着越来越重要的作用。

The policy is playing a more and more important role in promoting the development of local economy.

22. 就是在那个电影院我们第一次相遇。

It was at that cinema that we met each other for the first time. 23. 孩子的性格受家庭环境影响很大。

A kid’s character is greatly influenced by his family. 24. 如果你下周碰巧遇到他，告诉他我下周迁往伦敦。

If you happen to meet him, tell him that I will move to London next week. 25. 尽管困难重重，他们还是想办法提前完成了任务。

In spite of all the difficulties, they managed to finish the task ahead of time. 26. 人们只有生病了才知道健康的价值。

Only when people fell ill, did they come to know the value of their health. 27. 他想到什么就说什么，从不考虑别人的感受。

She says what she thinks, regardless of other people’s feelings. 28 他试了好几次， 但实验还是以失败而告终。

He tried several times, but the experiment ended up with failure. 29. 如果她已经尽了最大努力，别人如何评价她都没有关系。

If she does her best, it doesn’t matter what other people think of her. 30. 无论什么人的成功都离不开勤奋。

Whoever he is, his success goes hand in hand with his hard work. 31. 我们感到解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。

We felt it hard for us to solve the complex question. 32. 我们今天还是明天出发对我来说没什么关系。

Whether we set off today or tomorrow has no difference for me. 33. 没有向导我们要走出森林是很困难的。

It is hard for us to go out of the forest without the help of the guide. 34. 那里的人们将要付出是过去两三倍的钱买一套房子。

The people there will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house. 35. 吃过早饭后，作家就坐在书房里处理早上来的信。

Having taken his breakfast, the writer sat in his reading room to deal with his letters.

36. 周五之前，我最多只能完成任务的一半。

Before Friday, I can only finish half of the task at best. 37. 勤奋是好运之母。

Diligence is the mother of good luck. 38. 只有信任自己的人才能对他人守信用。

Only the person who has faith in himself is able to be faithful to others.

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39. 生活中的目标是唯一值得去寻找的财富。

An aim in life is the only fortune worth finding. 40. 一见到妈妈，这个小女孩就突然哭起来了。

The instant she saw her mother, the little girl burst into tears. 41. 这项工作需要相关领域的经验。

Experience in a related field is a requirement for this job. 42. 他很自责错过了这绝好的机会。

He blamed himself for missing the golden chance. 43. 这是他要为大家做出的最后一次贡献。

It was the last service he was to do for the people. 44. 你看起来很眼熟，因此我觉得过去我可能在哪里见过你。

You look so familiar, so I think that I have possibly met you in the past days. 45. 他因为擅长演讲而著称。

He is famous for being good at giving a speech. 46. 游泳的时候，你应该知道如何协调自己的动作。

When you are swimming, you should know how to adjust yourself to it. 47. 得知你生了病，你不知道我心里有多难受。

I cannot tell you how much I feel sorry when I heard that you were ill. 48. 尽管他工作努力，却一直养不起一家人。

Hard as he worked, he failed to support his family. 49. 这个秘书已经为同一个老板工作30多年了。

The secretary has been working for the same boss for more than 30 years. 英译汉练习题

1. Not only did he charge me too much but he didn’t do a good preparation for the job.

他不仅向我收费太高，而且也没有为这份工作做好准备。

2. It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes． 最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。

3. Some people are fed with modern city life and have moved to the country. 一些人对当今的城市生活感到厌倦，已经搬到乡下去了。 4. By contrast, American mothers were more likely to attribute their kids’s success to natural talent.

与之相反，美国的母亲更可能把孩子的成功归结于孩子的自然天赋。

5. In order to support my education, my mother often takes on more work than she can．

为了挣钱供我上学,妈妈常常超负荷的工作。

6. Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company last week because of the economic crisis.

尽管他是有技能的员工，由于经济危机，上周他被公司解雇了。 7. He owed his failure to bad luck more than capacity． 他把自己的失败归因于运气不好而不是能力有限。

8. People’s attitudes towards gift giving may vary from country to country．

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不同的国家的人对送礼的态度各不相同。

9. Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to adapt to lives in different cultures.

跨文化研究领域的专家说，要适应不同文化的生活是很困难的。

10. It was reported that the construction of the bridge had been held up by flood. 据报道，那座大桥因洪水泛滥而被停止修建。

11. As far as children are concerned, second hand smoke can only have bad effects on them．

对孩子们而言，被动吸烟对他们只有坏的影响。

12. People, young and old, should take physical examinations at regulars so as to know their own health.

无论是老人还是年轻人都应该定期进行体检，以便了解自己的健康状况。

13. Since my childhood I have found that nothing else is more attractive/appealing to me than reading.

从孩提时，我就发现没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。 14.Thanks to a series of new inventions, doctors can treat this disease successfully. 多亏了一系列的新发明, 医生才能成功治愈这种疾病。

15. Not until he had completed the mission did he realize that he was seriously ill. 直到他完成使命，他才意识到他的病有多严重。

16. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.

大多数父母所关心的是为孩子尽可能提供最好的教育。

17. Success relies not only on one’s ability but on a willingness to cooperate. 成功不仅取决于个人能力，而且还取决于合作的意愿。

18. Hard as he worked，he failed to support the whole family． 尽管他努力工作，却养不起一家人。

19. Something unexpected prevents me from keeping my promise. 一些出乎意料的事情的发生使我不能守约。

20. You’d better take a sweater with you in case it gets cold. 你最好穿一件羊毛衫，以防天气变冷。

21. There was nothing that deeply impressed him in the movie. 这部电影没有给他留下任何深刻印象。

22. What many people don’t realize is that Tom is a lover of sports, and football in particular.

很多人所没有意识到的是汤姆是一位运动爱好者，尤其喜欢足球运动。

23. It is he who received the letter that announced the bankruptcy of your father. 是他收到有关你父亲破产的信的。

24. The more exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold. 你越进行锻炼,你越不大可能感冒。

25. Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his point. 他一讲完，就有人站起来反驳他的观点了。

26. He has been reviewing English this evening instead of watching TV.

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他今天晚上一直在复习英语，没有看电视。

27. His proposal is that we should get rid of the bad habits. 他的建议就是我们应该摒弃这些不良习惯。

28. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never gave up pursuing knowledge. 尽管他面临诸多困难，但是他绝不放弃对知识的追求。

29. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience. 如果你方便的话,请早上十点来见我。

30. You should not laugh at him because he is backward. 不要因为某人落后, 你们就笑话他。

31. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum.

因为他在这个城市已经待了一段时间了，因此不费吹灰之力就找到去历史博物馆的路。 32. Not that I do not like the film, but that I have no time for it. 不是我不喜欢这部电影，而是因为我没有时间去看。

33. We shall not discuss the question at the meeting unless we have enough time. 除非我们有这足够的时间， 否则在会上我们不会讨论这个问题。

34. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldn’t have been caught by the rain.

假如玛丽早回来一个小时，她就不会被大雨淋湿了。

35. The people with whom he worked thought he was a little strange. 同他一起工作的人都觉得他有点怪。

36. This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.

这就是过去几周来他们反复讨论的那个问题。

37. Had it not been the free tickets, he would not have seen films so often. 要不是有免费的票，他是不会这么经常看电影的。

38. It is time something was done about the traffic problem downtown. 是采取措施解决闹市区交通问题的时候了。

39. The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些想踢足球的孩子，都因为下雨而感到失望。

40. Some people are always in a good mood, whereas others never smile. 有些人永远都有好心情，而有些人从来不笑。

41. We promote the productivity by 20%by adopting his method. 我们采用了他的方法，将生产率提高了百分之二十。

42. If it were not for the care of the parents, we would not be living a happy life today.

如果不是父母的关怀，我们将不会拥有今天的幸福生活。

43. If the earth suddenly stopped spinning, we would all fly off it. 如果地球停止转动， 我们都会飞出地球。 44. We shall appreciate it if you will arrange shipment by a direct steamer to London. 你方如能安排直达船装运到伦敦，我们将不胜感激。

45. Our teacher is very busy, for she often gets caught up in everyday things.

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我们老师非常忙，因为她常被日常事务缠身。

46. One should always keep in mind the old truth “First impressions are lasting”. 人们应当永远把这个古老的真理记在心中，即“先入为主”。

47. He has a large collection of books, many of which are written in English. 他收藏了大量的图书，其中很多是用英文写的。

48. That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受了她父亲的影响。

49. The older they are, the more self respectful they should be and the more careful not to make mistakes in their later years. 越老越要自尊，越老越不要最后犯错误。

50. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength.

在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想，而这正是力量的源泉。

短文写作 一、短文写作范文

范文1Changes of Ownership of Houses in China

图表内容是1990年，1995年，2000年的公房和私房变化柱状表，趋势是公房越来越少，私房越来越多。

1. 简单描述一下图表内容 2. 变化原因

3. 这个变化对个人和社会的影响

Ownership of houses in China has changed greatly in the past decade. In the past, most houses were state owned. But now, private houses are everywhere. As is shown in the chart above, in 1990, the city’s houses were mainly state owned, with a percentage of 75. This percentage became 60 in the year 1995 and then dropped sharply to 20 in 2000. At the same time, the number of private houses has soared up to 80 percent.

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. To start with, the government has been forwarding the policy to support private houses programs. These programs have proved to be very important in developing China’s economy. What is more, with the development of economy, people’s standard of living has risen. They want to have their own houses to satisfy their needs.

In other words, the change has a great influence on our daily life. For one thing, it has enabled more people to enjoy larger living space. For another, people feel pressure to make more money so that they can buy their own houses.

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范文2On Water Shortage

1. 水资源短缺现象成为一个日趋严重的问题 2. 造成这一现状的原因 3. 可能的解决措施

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a serious problem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water make the situation even worse. Effective measures must be taken to prevent water problems from getting worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to expect a brighter future.

范文3A Letter of Recommendation June, 20, 2012 Dear Sir or Madam,

I am very glad to avail myself of the chance to recommend myself to you. My name is Wang Dong, and I am a senior student in Zhengzhou University, majoring in English. I am getting along with my study quite well, obtaining three “Top Students” awards in my major. I am an honest, ambitious and progressive person, which makes me very popular in and out of my class.

I believe that there are three main reasons why I choose to attend your college. First, your college enjoys a very good reputation. Second, your college offers the first class teaching which is of primary importance to the academic study. Third, your college provides the promising students with opportunities of all round development. Therefore, I am applying for the admittance to your university. Thanks a lot for reading my letter and I’m looking forward to your kind and early reply.

Best wishes.

Sincerely yours, Wang Dong

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二、短文写作练习题

1. Distance Learning Programme—the Best Way? (1) 有人认为远程教学使学习语言更快捷、更方便 (2) 然而有人认为课堂学习、出国深造相对更实际些 (3) 你的观点

2. The Pressure of Graduate Students (1) 近年来大学毕业生面临的压力越来越大 (2) 分析这一现象产生的原因 (3) 如何改善这一现状

3. The Importance of the Teacher’s Inspiration (1) 人们普遍认为教师的鼓励对学生很重要 (2) 论述其对学生产生深远的影响 (3) 个人观点

4. Effects of Some Advertisements (1) 当今社会商业广告诸多 (2) 广告的副作用也显而易见 (3) 我的态度

5. Survival of the Fittest (1) 人们如何理解

(2)“适者生存”法则的好处 (3) 我的看法

6. Save Money or Not

(1) 有人认为存钱是有必要的 (2) 然而有人却享受提前消费 (3) 我的观点

7. The Poor Health of People (1) 当今社会人们忽视健康问题 (2) 分析这种现象产生的原因 (3) 我们应该怎么做

8. A Letter to the Department of Project Hope (1) 简单说明事因

(2) 并希望贫困地区的孩子有所帮助