浙江广播电视大学
开放教育专科英语专业
《英语语法》课程重、难点
李兰波
**************.cn
u-2冠词4
I. 重难点提示
冠词置于名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或事物,它不能离开名词而单独存在.英语冠词有:
1) 定冠词: 主要功用为 “特指”, 表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物.
2) 不定冠词: 为 “泛指”, 指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个.
3) 零冠词: 它是名词之前一种无形的冠词,用在一般所谓的不用冠词(定冠词与不定冠词)的场合.有三类名词前使用零冠词：复数可数名词，不可数名词（用单数形式）及专有名词。本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。重点学习 “定冠词+单数形式的名词”的类指；不定冠词用于物质名词；不定冠词用于抽象名词、形容词最高
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级及序数词；不定冠词的位置；零冠词用于名词、零冠词用于 “零冠词+带定语的名词”结构。
II. 解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1. Henry plays _______, but his brother prefers to play football.
A. piano B. the piano C. a piano D. pianos
答案是B。定冠词+单形名词（常指动植物、文化设施、乐器、度量衡单位等）常表示 “一类”，该句的名词是“钢琴（乐器）”，因此在单数形式的前面要加定冠词。
2．Can you give me _____ chance ,please?
答案是A。一般来说，在序数词前加上定冠词表示顺序，排第几位。加上不定冠词表示“又、再”之意，该句的序数词在句中并无与其他事物一一排比的含义，而且表示“再、又”的意思，所以选用不定冠词。
3. Even on Sundays, fewer people go to _____ church than before.
A. the B. a C. / D. that
答案是C. “ go to church”是 “去做礼拜” 这类不用冠词的固定词组还有“go to bed”, “go to work”, “ go to school”, “ go to class等.
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4._____ universe is no longer _______ mystery to us.
A. A….a B. The….the C. An…..a D. The …..a
答案是D. 表示在世界上独一无二的事物时需用定冠词,如: the sun, the moon, the earth. The sky, the world, the universe (宇宙). 该题第二个空显然应该填不定冠词 “a”,表示 “一个”的意思.
III. 综合练习
(A). Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. We’ve already worked for _______ hour.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
2. His son always gets up late in _______ .
A. any morning B. a morning C. morning D. the morning
3. That desk is made of ______.
A. wood B. a wood C. some woods D. the wood
4. John is ______ university student.
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A. some B. any C. a D. an
5. _______ moon moves around ________ earth.
A. The … an B. The … the C. A …. An D. The … a
6. ______ People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
A. / B. The C. A D. An
7. This is ____ only example I can give you.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
8. _______ is needed for _____ production of iron and steel.
A. The coal…a B. The coal ….the C. Coal … a D. Coal … the 9. They set up a school for _____ .
A. the deaf and the dumb B. a deaf and a dumb
C. deaf and dumb D. a deaf and dumb
10. Most of ____ boys in our school are fond of ___ sports.
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A. the … / B. / … the C. the … the D. /…/
11. I have told him ____ to be polite.
A. a much time B. much a time C. a many time D. many a time
12. We played two draws the other day, but when I tried _____ time, I was beaten.
A. the third B. a third C. a three D. the three
13. I didn’t go to school yesterday because I had got ______.
A, headache B. a headache C. the headache D. an headache
14. Mother does most of _______ at home.
A. the cleaning B. clean C. cleaning D. a cleaning
15. A foreign language is a weapon in _______.
A. struggle of life B. struggle of the life
C. the struggle of life D. the struggle of the life
16. I wonder why _____ are so fond of action films.
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A. the people B. people c. peoples D. the population
17. ______ has just taken his first step into ________.
A. Man ….the space B. The man….the space
C. The man …space D. Man….space
18. January is _______ month of the year.
A. first B. a first C. an first D. the first
19. My younger brother likes to play ______ .
A. the table tennis B. table tennis
C. a table tennis D. an table tennis
20. The Long March began in _____ .
A. the October, 1934 B. a October, 1934
C. October, 1934 D. an October, 1934
(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
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1. There was a news on the radio this morning about the earthquake in Japan.
A B C D
2.Tom and Mary are traveling in the Europe now. They plan to visit Germany, France and Spain.
A B C D
3. Beijing is one of most beautiful cities in the world.
A B C D
4. We all think that John is one of cleverest pupils in his class.
A B C D
5. Iris is very forgetful and so she worries great deal.
A B C D
6. Radio and television are a important part of our daily lives today.
A B C D
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7. Television is the most modern instrument of communication, and gives us sound and picture
A B
at same time.
C D
8. Since beginning of man’s life on the earth, human beings have produced waste materials.
A B C D
9. For years, young children at the school in western countries have been learning to count with the
A B C
help of the abacus.
D
10. Education in not an end, but the means to an end.
A B C D
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11. It’s pity that such a wise man as he should insist on the point.
A B C D
12. Mary taught English in an university ten years ago.
A B C D
13. Last week I heard a lecture on a Chinese history.
A B C D
14. My brother works in a factory. A factory is very big.
A B C D
15.The bread and the butter seemed more delicious than anything he had ever eaten before.
A B C D
© Insert appropriate articles in the blanks of the following passages where necessary:
Passage one
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When foreigners come to China for 1 first time, they are always surprised by 2 number of bicycles on 3 roads. China has more cyclists than any other country in 4 world.
Because 5 roads are so crowded with bicycles, it is very important for 6 cyclists to remember 7 traffic rules and regulations.
Before you ride your bicycle on 8 roads, you must register it and get 9 number for it. This number will be on 10 plate on your bicycle.
Passage two
One day in 1 winter of 1608, Galileo had 2 letter from 3 friend in 4 Holland.
“Some time ago,” his friend wrote, “ 5 Dutchman here made 6 new kind of instrument. The man’s name is Lippershey. Yesterday I saw 7 instrument for 8 first time. It has 9 special lens in it. When I looked through it, everything looked bigger, and nearer to me. I could see quite clearly 10 face of 11 person more than fifty metres away.”
Passage Three
In 1967, 1 group of scientists noticed strange radio signals from 2 space. When 3 scientists first heard them, they did not tell 4
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newspapers anything about 5 matter, in case 6 public were frightened. People are always afraid of 7 strange things from space, and even 8 scientists could not understand what these signals were.
The signals were regular, and came from 9 part of 10 sky where there was no known star. They came at short intervals of wither 0.033 or 3.5 seconds. 11 Scientists were puzzled because 12 signals were so regular.
Answers to u-2 III.综合练习
(A) 1—20
CDACB / BBDAA / DBBAC / BDDBC
(B) 1—15
BBBCD / BDAAC / ABDAB
(C) passage A(1—10)
1.the 2.the 3. the 4. the 5.the
6./ 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.a
passage B(1—11)
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1.the 2.a 3.a 4./ 5.a
6.a 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.a 11.a
passage C (1—12)
1.a 2./ 3. the 4. the 5. the
6.the 7./ 8. the 9.a 10.the 11.The 12.the
u-3代词
I. 重难点提示
代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。本章要求学生掌握多种代词的形式和用法，特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词和不定代词。注意all, everyone, each 的区别；any与some的区别；everybody, everyone, one的区别；no one与none的区别；both与two的比较；other与another的比较。
II.解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. She has lost _________ pen. Will you lend her________?
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A. her…your B. hers…yours C. her…yours D. yours…hers
答案是C. 此题要求正确区分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。形容词物主代词my, your, her等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，作定语用，如此句中的第一个空“她的钢笔”；而名词性物主代词可以起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语等等，此句中的第二个空显然应该填“yours”，在句中作及物动词“”的lend宾语。
2. _______must be there at seven o’clock.
A. You, he and I B. You, I and he C. He, you and I D. He, I and you
答案是A。英语中为了客气的缘故，人称代词单数的词序通常是：you and I; you and he; you, he and I。但在承认什么过错时，通常将第一个人称单数放在前面。为：I and he are to blame.
3. I have two pencils, but_______ of them can be found now.
A. none B. neither C. one D. all
答案是B。“none”用于两者以上的否定；而只限于两者的否定应该用“neither”，在这个意义上，neither和both相对，none与all相对。另外，肯定句中与neither相应的用词是either。
4. Is there ______ who would like to go with me?
A. someone B. somebody C. any one D. anyone
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答案是D。 someone一般用于肯定句中， anyone用于疑问句或否定句中。另外，anyone与anybody, somebody, everybody一样，都不能分开写。
III.综合练习
(A). Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. ______ talked to each other.
A. He B. She C. They D. It
2. I have four brothers. One is in Beijing, and _______ are in Shanghai.
A. another B. other C. the other D. the others
3. He is great friend of _______
A. my own B. mine C. me D. myself
4. Be careful! Don’t cut _________ with the new knife.
A. yourself B. you C. your D. yours
5. We are interested in _______ .
A. he comes B. he coming C. he’s coming D. his coming
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6. They talked about the problem among _______ .
A. them B. each other C. themselves D. themselves
7. It was ________ who did it.
A. we B. our C. us D. ours
8. John is father than _______ of the better boys in class. He is the fattest.
A. some B. any C. that D. many
9. ______ of them has a bedroom and a study.
A. Every B. Both C. All D. Each
10. The teacher read the new words carefully, and we did _______ .
A. such B. same C. the such D. the same
11. We have to do it this way, for there are no ________ better alternatives.
A. other B. another C. the another D. the other
12. The hall was almost empty. There were ________ people in it.
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A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
13. The population of China is larger than _____ of America.
A. this B. these C. those D. that
14. ______ do you think is the headmaster of this school?
A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whom
15. There are two maps on the wall. One is a map of China, ______ is a map of the world.
A. the other B. other C. another D. the another
16. ______ are young people of New China.
A. We these B. All of us C. All we D. All among us
17. The guests upstairs are ______ .
A. some friends of his father
B. some friends of his father’s
C. his father’s some friends
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D. some of his father’s friend
18. We often speak English with _______ .
A. us B. each other C. ourselves D. ours
19. Her parents are _______ workers.
A. all B. both C. each D. each other
20. The house _______ is very nice, but the compound is too small.
A. himself B. herself C. itself D. oneself
(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
1. The visitor claimed to be a friend of you.
A B C D
2. It was him who broke the window.
A B C D
3. If one does not work hard, you can’t expect to succeed.
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A B C D
4. “Let me help you with the suitcase.” “Thanks. Myself can do it.”
A B C D
5. Do you still remember the little house that we once lived.
A B C D
6. Our team, that got the first place last year, was beaten this time.
A B C D
7. Do you want to know what she said it behind your back?
A B C D
8. There must be some other reasons for him refuse to help.
A B C D
9. There are tall trees and beautiful flowers on either sides of the river.
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A B C D
10. He could not read every of the books Mary lent to him.
A B C D
11. I’m interested in mathematics and their applications. A B C D
12. Of course, we shall have to agree with you when you say that Tom is taller than
A B C
any boy in his class.
D
13. If anyone happens to call on me when I am out, pleased have them leave a note for
A B C D
me.
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14. Can you tell we two the secret?
A B C D
15.This is the most important thing which I want to tell you.
A B C D
(C) Fill in the following blanks.
1. With personal pronouns or possessive pronouns:
1) This is not John’s house; _______is across the street.
2) They must do _____duty, as we must do_______.
3) My classmates often help _____ when I’m in trouble.
4) Our squad leader is always ready to help ______.
5) The elephant is proud of itself, for ______has a big strong body.
2. With reflexive-pronouns.
1) The sentence _______ is wrong.
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2) The girl is too young to look after______.
3) Please help _______ to some tea.
4) We _______ will build the workshop.
5) One must learn to look after ______these days.
3. With reciprocal or demonstrative pronouns:
1) The students of this class help______.
2) The climate of Beijing is not so damp as ____of Changsha.
3) He always sits in the _______ chair.
4) All I want to say is ______ “You should help each other.”5) We are not ______ fools as to believe him.
4. With “all”, “each”, “every”, or “both”:
1)______student should come on time.
2)______the meat was eaten up.
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3)A: Do you speak German or French?
B: I don’t speak _________.
4) There are two dogs on the porch. _______were fast asleep.
5) Divide the class into two sections of ten students____.
5. With “other”, “the other”, “others, or “another”:
1) Some like singing, _______prefer dancing.
2) Aunt Wang has two sons. One is a soldier, and _____is an engineer.
3) This ballpen doesn’t work. I must buy _______one.
4) Ten students in our class are boys, ________ are girls.
5) I don’t like these. Can you show me any______?
6. With “neither…nor”, “no”, “no one” or “none”:
1) If there were ______air, there would be no living things.
2) _____ _____ will try it again.
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3) Iris caught _____ the first train _______ the second one.
4) How many books are there on the desk? ______.
5) I need some carbon paper badly but there is ______at hand.
7. With “any”, “some”, “anything” or “something”:
1) Mr.Smith hasn’t got ________brothers in England.
2) There is ______ wrong with my bicycle.
3) I read about it in _______ book.
4) There was scarcely ______ mentioned about this point.
5) _____ of these books are quite useful.
Answers to u-3 III.综合练习
(A)
1—20
CDBAD / CABDD / ACDCA / BBBBC
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(b) 1—15
DCBCC / ABDCB / CDDAD
©
1. 1) his 2) their, ours 3)me 4) us 5)it
2. 1) itself 2) herself 3) yourself 4) ourselves 5)oneself
3. 1)one another 2)that 3) some 4) this 5)such
4. 1) Every 2)All 3)either 4) Both 5)each
5. 1) others 2)the other 3)another 4)the others 5)others
6. 1) no 2)No one 3)neither…nor 4) None 5) none
7. 1) any 2) something 3)some 4)anything 5)Some
u-4数词
I. 重难点提示
数词是表示数量的词，数词的两个类型是基数词和序数词，前者表示“多少”；后者表示“第几”。本单元要求学生掌握基数词和序数词的用法；分数与小数及年、月、日、时刻的表
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示用法。
II. 解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. He wrote a _______ report.
答案是B.two-thousand-word三个字用连字符（hyphen）连起来，构成一个复合名词，其中的thousand不加 “s”。又如：a eleven-year-old girl（一个11岁的小女孩）； a five-year plan（五年计划）；a three-day journey（三天的行程）。
2. There are _______ workers in our plant.
答案是A。此句的意思是“我们工厂有4万名工人”。在英语中，hundred, thousand, million 这些词用作确定数目时，不用复数形式，如：six hundred men, two thousand pounds。英语中没有“万”，一万是ten thousand(十千)。
3. It is 9:35. It’s _______.
答案是D。注意学会英语中的“钟点表示法”：
9.30 nine thirty或half past nine
9.15 nine fifteen或a quarter past nine
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9.45 nine forty-five或 a quarter to ten
9.25 nine twenty-five或twenty-five past nine
9.35 nine thirty-five 或twenty-five to ten
(少于30分的用“past”，表示几点过几分。多于30分钟的用“to”表示差几分几点。)
4. 261 is ______.
A. two hundreds sixty-one
B. two hundreds and sixty-one
C. two hundred and sixty-one
D. two hundred sixty one
答案是C。注意基数词的构成方式：
1．21----99：先说十位数上的数，再说个位上的数，中间加连字号：如，23：twenty-three; 89: eighty-nine.
2.101----999先说百位数上的数，再加and，再加末位两位数（或末位数）。如233：two hundred and twenty-three.
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III. 综合练习
(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1. To pay tribute to our beloved Premier Zhou Enlai, _______came to Tien Men Square on April 5, 1976.
A. thousand people B. thousand of people
C. thousands people D. a thousand people
2. There are ______ in our classroom.
A. scores of people B. score of people
C. scores of peoples D. score of people
3. There are ______in the basket.
A. dozen egg B. a dozen egg
C. a dozens eggs D. a dozen eggs
4. 5102 is _______.
A.
five thousand one hundred two
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B. five thousands one hundred and two
C. five thousand one hundred and two
D. five thousands one hunared and two
5. Tell us something about ____, please.
A. Second International B. Two International
C. the Second International D. the Second International
6. I will never give up, not even on_____try.
A. 1000 or 10,000 B. the 1000 or 10,000
C. 1000th or 10,000th D. the 1,000th or 10,000th
7. When I sat down, _____man rose to speak.
A. a fourth B. fourth
C. the four D. four
8. It is 12:55. It’s ______.
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A. five to twelve B. five to one
C. fifty five past twelve D. fifty-five past one
9. 7 is ______.
9
A. seven-ninth B. seven-ninths
C. ninths-seven D. ninth-seven
10. 2 3 is _________.
5
A. two three-fifth B. two and three fifths
C. two and three-fifth D. two and three-fifths
(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
1. Over nine-tenth of China’s inhabitants belong to the Han nationality.
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A B C D
2. This room is three time larger than that.
A B C D
3. Its capacity was 7.3 time as great as in 1980.
A B C D
4. Three time three is nine.
A B C D
5. Its output of cotton went up by 20 per cents.
A B C D
6. It’s one-twentieth the thickness of a human hair.
A B C D
7. Last night the temperature was five degrees below zeroes.
A B C D
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8. There are thousand of birds in this zoo.
A B C D
9. This country has a population of 300 millions people.
A B C D
10. Maize is the most important food crop for million of people in
the world.
A B C D
The answers to U-4
(A) 1—10
BADCC / DABBD
(B) 1—10
BAAAD / ADBCC
U-5----动词的时态（1）
I. 重难点提示
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在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的动词形式表示，这种形式叫做“时态”。本单元要求学生掌握一般现在时（重点是单数第三人称He, She, It用作主语时动词词尾变化形式），现在进行时（be+V+ing），一般过去时（不规则动词的过去时为重点）及现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词)的构成和用法，特别是一般现在时与现在进行时之间的比较及一般过去时与现在完成时之间的比较。
II. 解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. Great changes _____in Beijing in the past three years.
A. took place B. have taken place
c. has taken place D. have been taking place
答案是B。这个句子的意思是“在过去的三年中，北京发生了巨大的变化。”在过去的三年中包括现在，因此应该用现在完成时，表示动作从三年前到现在。此句的主语是 “changes”故应选用have…; “take place ”这一词组不能用被动形式，故此题答案只能选B。
2. Where _____ the students of Class Three? They _____morning exercises on the playground now.
A. are, are doing B. are, do C. were, are doing D. were, did
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答案是A。 这是一道选择正确时态搭配的题。一般现在时和现在进行时经常同在一个句子里使用。一般现在时表示习惯性的反复发生的动作或表示现在的状况。现在进行时则表示此刻（说话人说话时）正在进行的动作或状态。此句的意思是“三班的学生在那儿? 他们现在正在操场上做早操。” 因此，只能选择A项。
3. Four years _____since I ______the army.
A. passed…joined B. have passed…have joined
C. has passed …joined D. have passed…joined
答案是D。 在由since（自从 ）引导的复合句中，时间状语从句一般用一般过去时；而其主句需用现在完成时，此复合句中的主句的主语是复数（Four years），故其选择答案是D，全句的意思是“自从我参军以来，四年过去了。”
5. Mary suddenly _______ ill last Sunday, but now she ______much better.
A. fell…felt B. falls…feels
C. fell…feels D. fell… has felt
答案是C。第一个空显然应该用一般过去时，因为句子有表示过去时的时间状语last Sunday；第二个空应该选用一般现在时，因为此句是说“现在她感觉好多了”，故正确的答案只能是C.
III.
综合练习
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(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1. Don’t turn off the light. I ______ a report now
A. was reading B. am reading
C. have read D. read
2. When I was at school, I ______ to the library every day.
A. go B. was going C. have gone D. went
3. We ______ a good swim last Saturday.
A. had B.are having C. have D. have had
4. While we _____ with the president, our English teacher came in.
A. are talking B. have talked C. were talking D. talk
5. The new books ____ yet.
A. haven’t arrived B. hasn’t arrived C. didn’t arrive D. don’t arrive6. ______you ever ______ to Shanghai?
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A. Did…go B. Were…being C. Did…be D. Have …. Been
7. He ______his lunch.
A. had B. have had C. has had D. ate
8. What ______you ______from 7 to 8 yesterday evening?
A. Did…do B. was…doing C. were…doing D. have …. Done
9. For years, doctors______ millions of patients’lives with the help of microscopes.
A. saved B. have saved. C. has saved D. were saving
10. I was so happy to see John again last Sunday. We ----- each other for more than two years.
A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C.didn’t see D. hasn’t seen
11. We ______ three lessons this month.
A. have learned B. learned C. has learned D. were having
12.Li Ming _____ to school at seven, and he has English lessons on Mondays and Fridays.
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A. go B.goes C. was going D. went
13. The moon _____smaller than the earth.
A. was B. is being C. is D. were
14. The train from the station _____ on time.
A. never leaves B. were never leaving C. was never leaving left
15. I ______ to Paris several times.
A. went B. have gone C. have been D. was going
16. Don’t talk to me. I ______ to learn this poem by heart.
A. try B. tried C. was trying D. am trying
17.Alice has lived in China for ten years, so she ______ the life here.
A. used to B. get use to C. go used to D. has got used to
18. I’ll buy a pair of shoes if the store_______soon.
A. open B. opened C. opens D. has opened
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D. never
19. I ______swimming in the river and I always go to swim when I can.
A. liked B. like C. am liking D. was liking
20. My aunt _____ to see us. She’ll be here soon.
A. is coming B. comes C. came D. was coming
(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
1. My uncle lived in this city since 1980.
A B C D
2. Each pupil in my class have a Chinese dictionary.
A B C D
3. I lost my pen. I have to write with a pencil.
A B C D
4. Hangzhou is the most beautiful city I saw. A B C D
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5. I wish I can speak Chinese so that I can talk directly with you.
A B C D
6. There was no bus. I have to walk home.
A B C D
7. She has read the article last week.
A B C D
8. When does he usually gets up every morning?
A B C D
9. Tom does not go to bed early enough last night so she was tired all morning.
A B C D
10. We set up a lot of universities since 1949. we have also set up a Central
A B C D
38
Radio and Television University.
11. By now Old Wang worked in that factory for twenty years.
A B C D
12. Christianity has become a worldwide religion since it has begun almost two
A B C D
thousand years ago.
13. Now that they have successfully passed the TOFEFL, the students were ready to begin A B C D
their classes at the university.
14. I asked him what is wrong with him.
A B C D
15. My classmates and I have visited the Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao yesterday.
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A B C D
© Fill in the blanks with proper tense forms of the verbs given in bracker.
Passage One
A judge was working I his room one day when a neighbour 1 (run) in and 2 (say), “If one man’s cow 3 (kill) another’s, 4 (be) the owner of the first cow responsible?”
“It 5 (depend),” 6 (answer) the judge.
“well,” 7 (say) the man, “Your cow 8 (kill) mine.”
“Oh,” 9 (answer) the judge. “Everyone 10 (know)that a cow 11 (ca not think) like a man, so a cow 12 (be )not responsible, and that 13 (mean) that is its owner 14 (be ) not responsible either.”
“I am sorry, Judge,” said the man. “ I 15 (make) a mis-take. I ___16___(mean)that my cow killed yours.”
The judge 17 (think) for a few seconds and then said, “When I 18 (think) about it more carefully this case is not as easy as I 19 (think) at first. “And then he turned to his clerk and said. “Please 20 (bring)me that black book from the shelf behind you.”
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Passage Two
My grandmother 1 (live) with us since my grand-father 2 (die) six years ago. She 3 (use) to be a doctor. She 4 (be) nearly eighty but she 5 (be) still in good health.
Grandmother 6 (lead) a simple life. She 7 (like) to have an early breakfast and she always 8 (have) the same thing for breakfast: rice, fruit and coffees.
After breakfast she 9 (take) a walk to buy the morning paper. She 10 (do) this every morning for years and everybody in the street 11 (know)her.
Grandmother 12 (not be )very well this month. She 13 (have) a bad cold for the last few weeks, and 14 (have) in bed for a few days.
I 15 (like) to hear her 16 (talk) about life when she 17 (be) a girl. She 18 (tell) us many funny stories. She always 19 (say), “Life 20 (be) much harder then than it is today.”
Passage Three
1 (look) at the picture, please! We 2 (can see ) that the doctor and nurses 3 (operate) on the eyes of the patient. As we 4 (know), when people 5 (be) ill, they 6 (go) to the doctor. Sometimes the doctor 7 (give) them medicines, and these often 8 (help). However, when medicines 9 (can not
41
solve) the problem, the doctor must 10 (find ) another answer. An operation may 11 (be) necessary. Doctors 12 (not perform )operations; surgeons (do).
For years, surgeons 14 (perform) many different kinds of operations, and 15 (save) the lives of millions of patients. In recent years, operations 16 (become)much safer than they 17 (be) in the past. This 18 (be ) partly because doctors and surgeons 19 (learn) more about hygiene, and because conditions in hospital 20 (become) better. ANWERS TO U-5
(a) 1—20
BDACA / DCCDA / ABCAC / DDCBA
(b) 1—15
ADADB / BACAA / ACCBB
(c) Passage one
1. ran 2. said 3. kills 4. is 5. depends
6. answered 7. said 8. has killed 9. answered 10. knows
11. cannot think 12. is 13. means 14. is 15. made
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16. meant 17. thought 18. think 19. thought 20. bring
Passage two
1. has lived 2. died 3. used 4. is 5. is
6. leads 7. likes 8. has 9. takes 10. has done
11. knows 12. has not been 13. has had 14. has been 16. talk 17. was 18. tells 19. says 20. was
Passage three
1. Look 2. can see 3. are operating 4. know 5. are
6. go 7. gives 8. help 9. cannot solve 10. find
11. be 12. do not perform 13. do 14. have performed saved
16. have become 17. were 18. is 19. have learned become
U-6----动词的时态（2）
15. like
15. have 20. have 43
I. 重难点提示
本单元继续讲授动词的时态，要求学生重点掌握一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时、及过去完成时等7种常用时态的构成及用法。弄清一般将来时一将来进行时及将来完成时之间的区别；现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别；过去完成时的用法及其与过去完成时的区别。
II.解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. By the end of last week we ____five lessons.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned
答案是D。此题的意思是“到上周末，我们已经学习5课书了。”一定是在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，这个过去的时间可以用by, before等介词或一个时间状语从句来表示。因此D项选择的“过去完成时（had learned）是正确的。
2. Can she play the piano? Yes, she can. She _____ ______ to play the piano for a few years.
A. has been learning B. learns
c. has learned D. is learning
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答案是A. 此题的意思是“她会弹钢琴吗？会，她学弹钢琴已经有几年了？”表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，而且仍然在继续进行着，强调动作的“持续性”。现在完成时则强调动作的“结果”，这就是现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别。此题显然是说明她现在仍然继续弹钢琴，故现在完成进行时是对的。
3.They wanted to know when you _____ the article.
A. will finish B. would finish C. was writing D. wrote
答案是B。此题的意思是“他们想知道你什么时候写完这篇文章”，句中“”是一般过去时，基于这个“时间点”来说。“写完”当然是未来的动作，故只能选表示“过去将来”概念的B项(would),注意过去将来时是表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
4. Tom is on holiday. He has very little money and he is spending too much too quickly. Before the end of his holiday, he ____ all his money.
A. spend B. has spent C. will have spent D. would spend
答案是C。此题的意思是“汤姆正在度假。他钱不多，但花得很多很快。假期结束前他一定把钱都花光了”。据此意，应该选择将来完成时（shall/will have +v-ed），表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。
III.综合练习
(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
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1. Just as I ______ the house, the phone_______.
A. was leaving…rang B. was leaving…would ring
C. left…had rung D. had left…would ring
2.The guide told us that an incident ______here in 1925.
A. was taken place B. was taking place
C. would take place D. had taken place
3. The teacher ______ it was important to know English grammar.
A. is always saying B. was always saying
C. had always said D. has always said
4. I _______ to Xi’an this time tomorrow.
A. was flying B. am flying
C. will be flying D. would fly
5. Our music teacher played the piano while we _______.
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A. have sung B. had sung
C. were singing D. would sing
6. The man who ______into the house was taken to prison.
A. had broken B. has broken
c. will break D. breaks
7. By this time tomorrow they ______ the machine.
A. would repair B. will repair
C. will be repairing D. will have repaired
8. I hope we ________ the instructions ready before you come tomorrow.
A. would get B. will have got
C. are going to get D. have got
9. Last month some Chinese scientists went to Princeton to Dr.Smith._______there since 1980.
A.has been teaching B. had been teaching
see 47
C. is teaching D. was teaching
10.Please wake him up. He ______ for 4 hours.
A. is sleeping B. was sleeping
C. had been sleeping D. has been sleeping
11.The bell ______before the class began.
A. had been ringing B. has been ringing
C. is ringing D. was ringing
12. We were rather busy then. We ________ preparations for the entrance exam.
A.was making B. were making
C. are making D. will be making
13. If they ________, they _________here very soon. The last bus usually _____ by at twenty to ten.
A. are coming, will be, goes
B.
come, will be, will go
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C. will come, are, goes
D. will come, will be, will go
14. He ________ Shanghai for five years before he came to Beijing.
A. was working B. has worked C. had worked D. would work]
15. I ______ the piano at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
A. am practicing B. practise C. practiced D. was practicing
16. We _________ eighteen lessons by the end of this tern.
A. have studied B. had studied C. will be studying D. will have studied
17. He _______ a book, and now he needs a holiday.
A. has been writing B. has been writing
C. will be writing D. was writing
18.The woman with the red umbrella _____ to see you since 8 o’clock this morning. Can you see her now?
A. had been waiting B. has been waiting C. is waiting D. waits
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19. By the time Shanghai was liberated, he _______ in this factory for ten years.
A. has worked B. has been working C. had been working D. would work
20. It ________ for two days. The fields _______ all under water.
A. has rained, were B.is raining, was c. had been raining, were B. had been raining, were
(B) From the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
1. He had been working hard all this morning and is absolutely exhausted now.
2. We lived in this house for three years before my father decided to have us move to a new neighborhood.
3. Next time I go there, I would ask them about it.
4. I let you have the book when I’m through.
5. At that time she is working in a PLA unit.
6. Liberation put an end to the miserable life we live.
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7. I had been hoping I’d have a chance to see the film.
8. By this time next year we would have turned all the land into rice fields.
9. I won’t be free Friday morning. I’ll be seeing a friend off.
10. I hope you would send her over soon.
11. The car will go at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain.
12. I am too tired to go to the film. I have watered vegetables all day.
13. He was raging furiously because he found that they left without him.
14. At last they got the telegram they have expected.
15. It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain fell heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.
(C) Fill in the blanks with proper tense forms of the verbs given in brackets:
Passage A
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The other day, while I 1 （shop）in the store, I 2 (meet) Li Ying, an old friend of mine. We 3 (not see) each other for a long time, since we 4 (leave) school we 5 (be) overjoyed to see each other. Li Ying 6 (say) he 7 (work) in a factory since graduation. He also 8 (tell)me that he 9 （come）to our town for a meeting and 10 (stay) in a hotel near, and he 11 (ask)me to go and see him. I 12 (say) I 13 (go) as soon as I 14 (have) time.
Passage D
Some people 1 (be) pessimistic when they 2 (think) about the future. They 3 (say) that, a hundred years from now, we 4 (use) most of the earth’s resources. We 5 (pollute) our seas badly, they 6 (say), and be unable to eat fish from them. We 7 (make) the air so dirty that we 8 (need) to wear masks. The world’s population 9 (double) and we 10 (use) all the countryside for housing; there 11 (be) no farm left.
Other people 12 (believe) that Man adapts very very easily. They 13 (have) a different idea of the future. How, in their view, people 14 (live) in a hundred years’ time?
Passage C
For the last three days I 1 (work) hard decorating our new house. When we moved in three days ago, everything was in a mess, but now I 2 (almost finish) the job. Today I 3 (work) since breakfast and 4 (not, have) anything to eat.
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Anne 5 (bring) me a sandwich an hour ago but I 6 (tell) her not to come into the kitchen. I 7 (never, forget) what 8 (happen) several years ago when she tried to help me. I 9 (not, have ) many accidents since then but Anne 10 (often, warm) me to be careful. She 11 (warm) me again this morning at breakfast-time, but I 12 (work) for four hours and nothing 13 (go) wrong. Now I 14 (drop) the tin of paint. Has anything like that ever happened to you?
The answers to U-6
(A) 1—20
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C
6. A 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. D
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15.D
16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C
(B) 1—15
1. A 2. A 3.C 4. A 5. C
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. D
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(C) passage A
1. was shopping 2. met 3. hadn’t seen 4. left 5. were
6. said 7. had been working 8. told 9..had come 10.was stay
11. asked 12. said 13. would go 14. had
passage B
1`.are 2. think 3. say 4. will have used 5. will have polluted
6. say 7. will have made 8. will need 9. will have doubled 10. will have used
11. will be 12. believe 13. have 14. will be living
passage C
1. have been working 2. have almost finished 3. have been working 4. have not had
5. brought 6. told 7. have never forgotten 8. happened 9.have not had
10. has often warned 11. warmed 12. have been working 13. has gone
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14. have dropped
U-7 the passive voice
I.重难点提示
英语语态是动词的一种形式, 用以表示主语和宾语之间的关系. 语态分为主动语态和被动语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象.本单元要求学生掌握七种时态形式的被动语态结构及用法; 掌握带短语动词及带情态动词的被动语态; 掌握含有两个宾语的主动结构变为被动结构、含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构以及被动语态与过去分词作表语之间的区别。
II.解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1. He was made ____ everything.
A. to tell B. tell C telling D. told
答案是A。感官动词（hear, watch, feel, notice）和使役动词（have, make, let）在主动句中要求用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动句中须接带to的不定式作主语补语。
2. Nobody can anticipate when the new world war _____.
A. will be broken out B. is broken out C. was broken out D. will break
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out
答案是D。“break out”是不及物动词词组，故不能用于被动语态。 英语中，在下列情况下，主动句一般不能变为被动句：1，当谓语是及物动词suffice, last, fail, flee, befall, resemble, become, fit, suit, lack等，或者是不可拆开的动宾结构如：take place, lose heart, change color, set sail , keep guard等时。2，当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时；或是虚词it如: cat it, foot it shake one’s head等。
3. The ground was covered _______ snow.
A. by B. with C. on D. in
答案是B。此题的意思是“满地都是雪。”这里是用过去分词（covered）作表语，表示状况，而不是被动语态，故只能用介词with。同样的用法又如：(1) The trees are covered with fruits.（树上结满果子。）。(2) The sky is covered with grey clouds.（天空中乌云密布。）
4. This child needs ________.
A. being looked after B. looked after
C. looking after D. to look after
答案是C。英语中有些动词后接动名词，尽管表示的是被动的意思，却用动词的主动形式，这些动词是want, need, require, deserve等。这几个动词还可以接动词不定式的被动形式，表示的意思相当。该句也可改为：The child needs to be looked after.
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III.综合练习
(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1. The work _______ soon.
A. finishes B. will be finished C. has finished D. will finished
2. The Great Wall _______ all over the world.
A. was known B. was knew C. is known D. is knew
3. Let me show you round our power station. It _____ last year.
A. has completed B. completed C. complete D. was completed
4. Now these magazines _____ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. had kept C. have been kept D. were kept
5.I saw your brother when he ______ to hospital after the accident.
A. being taken B. was being taken C. has been taken D. be taken
6. Many new oilfields ______ up one after another in our country.
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A. will be opened B. has opened C. open D. is being opened
7. Much attention must ________ to the development of science and technology.
A. pay B. to pay C. be paid D. have paid
8. I wouldn’t object to _____ some questions.
A. be asked B. be asking C. ask D. being asked
9. The Party’s policy ________.
A. has been successfully carried out
B. has been successfully carried
C. have been successfully carried out
D. has successfully carried
10. She was advised _____ the medicine.
A. taking B. to take C. take D. took
11. The children _____ by the nurse.
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A. are taken good care B. have taken good care of
C. are taken good care of D. will take good care
12. The meeting ______ in Room 121 tomorrow morning.
A. is held B. was held C. will hold D. will be held
13. He is known _______ an advanced worker.
A. to be B. be C. being D. is
14. Xiao Li likes ______ harder work.
A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given
15. He did it without _______.
A. to ask B. asking c. being asked D. to be asked
16. The new unbreakable plate can even _______ over a flame.
A. hot B. be hot C. heat D. be heated
17. All kinds of vegetables ______in the free market.
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A. can buy B. can be bought C. is bought D. will buy
18. May I use your typewriter? Mine ______.
A. is being repaired B. is being repairing C. has repaired D. are repaired
19. These engines _____ by hand, now they _____ by electricity.
A. used to be started, are started B. used to start, are started
C. used to be started, start D. used to start, start
20. Some books were given ________ him by a teacher.
(B) Change the verbs in the following sentences into the passive form.
1. Many students are reading this book.
2. The teachers and the students are making an important experiment.
3. Who wrote this story?
4. Who will look after the children?
5. Which article did your sister translate?
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6. They know that he is an expert.
7. We found all our seats occupied.
8. I hope that I’ll be promoted.]
9. No one has everequalled your record.
10. The workers will do the experiment.
11. A famous professor gave us a talk yesterday afternoon.
12. Every student can hear us the teacher in the big classroom.
13. So far, man has used only a small part of the energy of the sun.
14. People think that he is coming.
15. abroad.
We must take full advantage of the excellent situation of both at home and
(C) Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
Passage one
The sun us the source of most forms of energy. It sends energy to the earth
61
mostly in the form of hear and light. But so far, only a small part of its energy 1 (use) by man.
Energy 2 (can change)into different forms. For example, a steam engine changes energy in coal into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy 3 (change) by a dynamo()into electrical energy. The electrical energy, in turn, 4 (can change) into different forms of energy, such as light energy, heat energy and sound energy. The forms of energy 5 (may change), but energy 6 (can never destroy). All the forms of energy 7 (widely use ) in our country.
Passage two
Satellites can 1 (use) for many things. They can 2 (observe) the weather movements from thousands of miles above the earth; and we can 3 (find out) from satellite pictures where is oil or gold. They can 4 (guide) ships and planes. In addition, TV programmes can 5 (send) by satellite. And international phone calls can also 6 (send). In future, news in the USA or Europe will 7 (learn ) in China a few minutes after it is made public. Satellites will also 8 (use) by newspapers. A page of paper may 9 (make) in the north of China. Then a picture of the page may 10 (send) by satellite to the south of China. The office in the south will be able to 11 (public)the newspaper from the picture.
Passage three
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The world famous Qin Shiuang’s Terracotta Warriors 1 (can visit) 35 kilometres east of Xi’an. A whole army of thousands of life-sized warriors and their horses and chariots 2 (find) in large pits. Pit No. I 3 ( discover) by farmers in March 1974 and Pits Nos.2 and 3 in April and May 1976. The warriors 4 (make ) of clay and each has a different face. They are about 1.80m high and weigh 150kg. Each warrior 5 (paint) in bright colours. When they 6 (uncover) they had real bronze weapons and wooden chariots. Some of these weapons and the chariots 7 (put) in special rooms which 8 ( can visit) by tourists after they have seen the warriors.
The answers to u-7
(A) 1—20
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. C 8.D 9. A 10. B
11. C 12.D 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. D 17. B 18.A 19.A 20.D
(b)
1. This book is being read by many students.
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2. An important experiment is being made by the teachers and students.
3. By whom was this story written?
4. By whom will the children be looked after?
5. Which article was translated by your sister?
6. He is known to be an expert. Or It is known that he is an expert.
7. All our seats were found occupied.
8. I hope to be promoted.
9. Your record has never been equaled.
10. The experiment will be done by the workers.
11. We were given a talk by a famous professor yesterday afternoon.
12. The teacher can be heard by every student in the big classroom.
13. So for only a small part of the energy of the sun has been use d by man
14. He is thought to be coming. Or It is thought that he is coming
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15. The excellent situation both at home and abroad must be taken full
advantage of.
Or: Full advantage must be taken of the excellent situation both at home and abroad.
(C)
Passage one
1. has been used 2. can be changed 3. is changed 4. can be changed 5. may be changed
6. can never be destroyed 7. will be widely used
passage two
1. be used 2. observe 3. find out 4. guide 5. be sent
6. be sent 7. be learned 8. be used 9. be made 10. be sent 11. publish
Passage three
1. can be visited 2. are found 3. was discovered 4. are made 5. was painted
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6. were uncovered 7. have been put 8. can be visited
u-8 情态动词
I. 重难点提示
情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态,它们与不带to的动词不定式连用,表示可能、许可、义务、推测等。本单元要求学生重点掌握主要情态动词can, could, may, might, must , have to, should, ought to, shall, will, dare, need, would等的用法。
II. 解题指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences
1. ____Must we hand in our exercises today?
_____ No, you _______.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. mayn’t
答案是B。由must构成的疑问句的否定回答须用needn’t（不必），而不用mustn’t。
2. He looks tired, he _____ a sleepless night.
A. must have B. must be C. must have had D. must have been
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答案是C。此句的意思是“看来他有些疲倦，一定是昨晚没睡好觉。”英语中，对过去某事的推测一定要用must加上完成时态的动词；对过去某事用否定式推测常用can’t加完成时态，如：We did not see him at the lecture yesterday, he can’t have attended it.
3.As she tired her best, she ______ finish the work ahead of schedule.
A. could B. was able to C. can D. is able to
答案是A。句中的be able to finish等于manage to finish或succeed in finishing，表示通过“能力”而不是“努力”而获得成就，通过“努力”的完成要用could。 除此外，表示将来的“能够”时只能用will be able to ，不能用can 。如：They will be able to come back in half a month.
4. You ______ at the red light.
A. should stop B. would stop C. would have stopped D. should have stopped
答案是D。此句的意思是“你见了红灯本应该停车。”“should”后跟动词不定式（不带to）的完成式时指的是过去的事情，如果是肯定句，说明某件事本应该完成而未完成；如果否定句，表示发生了不应该发生的事，如：You should not have gone back to work without the doctor’s permission. (你不应当未经医生许可就回去工作。)
III.综合练习
(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences.
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1. You ______ do it even if you don’t want to.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. have to
2. Look what you’ve done! You _____ be more careful.
A. may B. should C. had to D. would
3. You _____ bring an umbrella; it is raining.
A. would rather B. need not C ought to D. had to
4. You ______ make noise in the classroom.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. need not D. have not
5.Joe is so wet, he _______ into the lake.
A. must have fallen B. can have fallen C. had to fall D. needed to fall
6. ______ still for a moment, please? I want to take a photograph of you.
A. Should you keep B. Are you going to C. Will you keep D. Are you keeping
7. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____ .”
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A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
8. I don’t believe him, he ______ be serious.
A. needn’t B. mayn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t
9. Tom _____ like to meet the students I our college.
A. does B. should C. would D. had
10. I hope to ______ more tomorrow.
A. be able to write B. can to write C. can write D. writes
11. Mary _____an essay yesterday, so he couldn’t come to the meeting.
A. must write B. must have written C. ought to write D. had to write
12. Who says he ____it?
A. dare not do B. dare not to do C. dared not do D. dares no to do
13. Speak English to me, _____ you?
A. can B. could C. will D. should
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14. -----We don’t accept travellers’ checks here.
----- _____ have to cash them somewhere now?
A. Will I B. Shall I C. Can I D. Could I
15. What a surprise! He is passed his exams. He ______ hard this time.
A. must study B. may study C. should D. must have studied
16. You ______ us up any time during office hours.
A. could ring B. may ring C. must ring D. should ring
17.The speaker said we _______ ask him any question.
A. must B. may C. might D. Can
18. You ______ your umbrella. We are going by taxi.
A. needn’t bring B. shouldn’t bring C. needn’t have brought wouldn’t bring
19. It’s strange that it ______ so hot today.
A. is b. will be C. should be D. can be
D. 70
20. ______ you have western food or Chinese food, Mr.Smith.
A. Could B. Will C. Can D. Shall
(B) From the four underlined parts each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
1. We must have to work really hard from now on.
A B C D
2. You have made so many mistakes. You may be careful next time.
A B C D
3. He is very strong. He can be able to work for another hour.
A B C D
4. You mustn’t read that article if you don’t want to .
A B C D
5.The students thought that the teachers may have already set the papers for the exam. 71
A B C D
6. He dare not to go up the mountain alone.
A B C D
7. He needs do it but once. A B C D
8. She asked whether she can take the books out of the room.
A B C D
9. He thought it may be wise to try his luck there.
A B C D
10. He said he wouldn’t change his mind whatever they could say. A B C D
11. They are sweating all over. They must work in the fields.
A B C D
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12. I haven’t got my keys. Oh, I must leave them in the office.
A B C D
13. Not one of them dare mention this.
A B C D
14. Progress can be slow, but it is sure.
A B C D
15. That’s all settled. It can’t be talked about.
A B C D
THE ANSWERS TO U-8 (A)1—20
DBCAA / CBDCA / DACBD / BCCCB
(B) 1--15
BCCAB / BBBCD / CCDDD
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U-9—非限定动词
I. 重难点提示
非限定动词又称非谓语动词,即在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制. 非谓语动词有三种,即不定式、分词和动名词。本单元要求学员掌握三种非谓语动词的基本形式和用法；掌握不定式的被动式；不带 的不定式；三种非谓语动词的复合结构（即带逻辑主语的不定式、分词和动名词）的形式和用法；现在分词与过去分词的区别；动词与不定式的比较；现在分词与动名词比较；现在分词与不定式的比较等。
II. 题解指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. He avoided ______ us a definite answers.
A. to give B. giving C. to giving D. give
答案是B。动词avoid后只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语。类似这样的动词还有：suggest, finish, mind, imagine, enjoy, muss, resist, risk, escape, advise, deny, practise, require等。
2. Jack marched at the head, ______ by his comrades.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. to be followed
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答案是A。分词和不定式都是可用来作状语，但不定式作状语时，一般表示目的、结果、原因等，该句并无这个意思。那么究竟是选择现在分词还是过去分词呢？一般来说，现在分词表示主动、表示进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。此句的意思是“捷克行进在前面，后面跟着他的同志们”，所以应该用过去分词。
3. We decided _______ changes in our plan.
A. making B. to making C. make D. to make
答案是D。在动词decide 的后面只能接不定式作宾语。能接不定式作宾语的动词还有：want, wish, like , decide, help, pledge, begin, forget, learn, ask等等。
4. We think it possible _______ their production plan in a few weeks.
A for they to fulfil B. for their fulfilling C. for them to fulfil D. for them fulfill
答案是C。此句的意思是“我认为他们几周内完成生产计划是可能的。”句中的“it”显然是形式宾语，真正的宾语则是带逻辑主语的不定式结构，其构成形式是“for +名词（或代词）+不定式”，故此题正确答案是C。
III. 综合练习
(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1.Fifty miles up the air is too thin ____ sound.
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A. carry B. to carry C. carrying D. to carrying
2. We have much work ______ this afternoon.
A. to do B. doing C. do D. to doing
3. He is used to ____ hard work.
A. do B. did C. doing D. done
4. The book _____ by the famous writer is being printed at the factory. A. wrote B. write C. written D. writing
5.______ that it was raining, he put on his raincoat.
A. See B. To see C. Saw D. Seeing
6.The pupil was afraid of ______ scolded by the teacher.
A. being B. be C. been D. to be
7.When you speak English you must make yourself _______.
A. understanding B. to understand
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C. to be understood D. understood
8. Could you tell me _____ the machine?
A. how working B> how to be worked
C. how work D. how to work
9. I would have finished my composition by now if I had not stopped _____ with him.
A. talking B. to talk C. talked D. talk
10. I’m so sorry to have kept you ______ for a long time.
A. waiting B. waited C. to wait D. wait
11. I think this story is very _____.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to be interesting
12. The peasants have been busy _____ the rice in the past few days.
A. get in B. to get in C. getting in D. for getting in
13. When the storm comes all windows ______.
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A. ought to close B. ought to be closing C. ought to be closed D. ought to closed
14. We heard nobody _____ the room.
A. entered B. to enter C. would enter D. enter
15. Alice likes _____ harder work.
A. being given B. be given C. to give D. gives
16. We agreed to ______ the test.
A. you doing B. your doing C. yours doing D. you did
17. He opened the window ______.
A. for the fresh air to come in
B. for the fresh air come in
C. for the fresh air coming in
D. for the fresh air to coming in
18. Everything ______, it is possible for their factory to raise the output quickly.
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A. considering B. considered C. considers D. consider
19. You’d better have our colour TV set_______.
A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair
20. Here are some knives for them______.
A. to cut B. to cut by C. to cut from D. to cut with
(B) From the four underlined parts each of the following sentences choose the one that is wrong:
1. The teacher told his students don’t make such mistakes again.
A B C D
2. They didn’t let me to go by ship.
3. He practiced to swim in the morning of Sunday.
4. My little brother is too young can’t dress himself.
5. From this room, you can see that how hard he worked.
6. “Would you mind my come with you?” he asked after I had finished
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speaking.
7. In England young boys have enjoyed to play football since the twelfth century.
8. I don’t like these apples. They are getting rotting.
9. Stepped carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.
10. He found the text book missed when it was badly needed.
11.weighed more than two thousand tons, the automatic forging press is operated by one worker only.
12. I have heard him to talk about you often.
13. The teacher warned the pupils didn’t go skating on thin ice.
14. The children asked the old Red Armyman tell them stories about the Red Army.
15. Give me a piece of paper to write.
© Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets:
Passage One
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The first person 1 (reach) the South Pole was a Norwegian 2 (call) American. He led a well 3 (organize) expedition in 1910, 4 (use) the latest equipment. A British expedition, 5 (lead) by Captain Scott, tried 6 (get) to the Pole Before the Norwegians. But they relied on horses and dogs; and had weather prevented them from 7 (travel) fast. In the end, they were cut off, and died in their tent. Many people blamed Scott for 8 (risk) his men’s lives in this way. But others felt that he was a hero. Whatever the truth, his name will always be associated with the White Continent.
Passage Two
Is it difficult 1 (have) a telephone 2 (install) in your country? Do you have to 3 (wait) a long time before you can get a telephone? Don’t worry. This happens in many parts of the world. Let me 4 (tell) you about the experience of a friend of mine. I shall call him Edward Griffin. That’s not his real name, of course. But I don’t know if he would like me 5 (have)his real name 6 (print) in a book.
Edward recently moved to a new house. 7 (be) a doctor he needed a telephone not only 8 (telephone) his friends, but for his work as well. The telephone manger promised 9 (act) quickly, but still nothing happened. He had 10 (wait)further for a long time!
Passage Three
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Can you imagine 1 (travel) to 2 (work)) in a one-man submarine? Scientists believe that someday one-man submarine will be as numerous as automobiles are today. Jacques Yves Cousteau says, “One day soon, men will walk on the ocean floor as they 3 (do) on the street.” Perhaps during your life-time people will travel, work, and live in the sea.
Ships 4 (carry) oil and articles of trade will move beneath the ocean. Passenger ships will be built 5 (travel) underwater, where storms cannot delay them or make people seasick. Special underwater ships will be designed for 6 (mine), 7 (fish), and 8 (explore)unknown areas. For military use, there may be submarines that can fly and then dive underwater 9 (approach)the battle area without 10 (see).
U-10 虚拟语气
I. 重难点提示
语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气可以用在非真实条件句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和定语从句等之中。本单元要求掌握虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；掌握情态动词用用于虚拟语气；了解含蓄条件句；掌握虚拟时态与谓语动词事态的关系等。
II. 题解指导
Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences.
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1. If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house ______.
A. wouldn’t be broken our B. were not broken into
C. wouldn’t have been broken into D. wouldn’t have broken out
答案是C．该句的非真实条件句的时态告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设。虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中有其虚拟时态。在与现代事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），结果主句的谓语用should（第一人称）或（第二、三人称）+动词原形。在与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件句从句的谓语用had+过去分词，结果主句的谓语用should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词。在与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句中，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were）, 结果主句用should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）+动词原形等。
2. I suggest that we _______ tomorrow.
A. shall go B. should go C. will go D.
答案是B。在suggest动词后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气should+动词原形或只用动词原形。这种虚拟语气的从句还可作demand, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire等动词的宾语。它们的时态不受全句谓语时态的影响，即使谓语动词是过去式，宾语从句谓语仍是动词的原形或should+动词原形。如：He suggested that we(should) leave early.他建议我们早点离开。
3. He is over fifty, but he looks as if he _______only his thirties.
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A. were B. is C. will be D. has been
答案是A。由as if或as though 引导的从句，如果表示的是与事实相反的情况，要用虚拟语气。能够引导虚拟语气从句的除if外，还有unless, lest, for fear that, in case, on condition that等词语。
4. _____here now, he would explain the whole matter.
A. If Tom is B. If Tom will be C. Was Tom D. Were Tom
答案是D。在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的过去式were, had或should等移至主语前。这时，were的虚拟式在倒装句中不能用was代替。而且，在这种倒装句中也不能用动词的所略否定形式。如不能说： Hadn’t it been for your knowledge of the language, I should have been completely lost.应改为 Had it not been for…
III. 综合练习
(A) Find the choice that best completes each of the following sentences:
1. If you had warned Jane, she ______ on time, but she was late.
A. will come B. would come C. had come D. would have come
2. If we ________ now, we should arrive in good time.
A. leave B. left C. have left D. had left
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3. If you _____ tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
A. come B. will come C. are to come D. were to come
4. _______ attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.
A. Should they B. Shall they C. Had they D.Were they
5.It is important that he _______ politely.
A. have spoken B. should speak C. spoke D. would speak
6. I would rather you______ tomorrow.
A. will come B. must come C. come D. came
7. I desire the patient ______ a bath every day.
A. must have B. should have C. had D. had
8. It is time we ______ to bed.
A. go B. went C. shall go D. will go
9. It is our wish that he _______ in the experiment.
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A. succeed B. succeeds C. succeeded D. will succeed
10. The headmaster made suggestions that the test _____before 5:30.
A. be finished B. will finish C. will be finished D. shall finish
11. Without your help, we _______.
A. will not succeed B. didn’t succeed C. don’t succeed D. wouldn’t have succeeded
12. They shouted ad if they ____ some good news.
A. heard B. have heard C. had heard D. would hear
13. What the doctor advised is that he ________ a walk before going to bed every night.
A. take B. takes C. took D. will take
14. I propose he _______.
A. excuse B. excused C. be excused D. was excused
15. Even if it ______ more difficult, I should try to accomplish it.
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A. is B. be C. were D. had been
16. He makes a note of the assignment lest he ______ it.
A. will forget B. would forget C. forgets D. forget
17. It is quite natural that he _______ so.
A. should think B. must think C. have thought D. thought
18. I’m sorry that you _______ to leave.
A. will have B. had C. should have D. would have
19. ______ the teacher last night, I would have asked him about it.
A. Did I see B. Were I seen C. Should I see D. Had I seen
20. The principal requested that everyone_______ present at the ceremony.
A. to be B. must be C. is D. be
21. If I ________you, I would do it at once.
A. am B. would be C. be D. were
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22. If I ________time, I would have stayed there longer.
A. have had B. had C. had had D. would have had
23. ______, I wouldn’t have asked him.
A. If you have told me of it B. If you would have told me about it
C. Would you tell me about it D. Had you told me about it
24. I _____ the test without your help.
A. couldn’t pass B. will not have passed
C. wouldn’t pass D. couldn’t have passed
25. Our teacher demand that all the homework ______before the day after tomorrow.
A. must be finished B. shall be finished
C. had to be finished D. be finished
26. ______now, he would probably finish his work in a short time.
A. Were he to start B. Were he start C. Would he start D. If he starts
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27. It’s very important meeting, so the chairman suggested that we ________.
A. mustn’t be absent B. can’t be absent
C. should not be absent D. not to be absent
28. I wish I _______ with you last night.
A. could go B. had gone C. would have gone D. would not have slept
29. He looked very tired as if he _______ for a long time.
A. hadn’t slept B. hasn’t slept C. didn’t sleep D. would not have slept
30.If we ______ last night, we ______the task by now.
A. didn’t interrupted would have finished
B. weren’t interrupted would finish
C. hadn’t been interrupted would have finished
D. hadn’t been interrupted would finish
31. I’d rather you _______anything about it now.
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A. aren’t doing B. won’t do C. didn’t do D. don’t do
32.It’s high time we ______ our work now.
A. begin B. shall begin C. began D. would begin
33. It looks ______it were going to rain.
A. as if B. that C.like that D. as
34. I enjoy my life here very much, and I wish I ______ have to leave so soon.
A. didn’t B. won’t C. don’t D. needn’t
35. How I wish he _____ much kinder to me.
A. is B. was being C. were D. will be
36. It’s necessary that he _____ away without telling us.
A. had gone B. would have gone C. went D. should go
37. All of the students in my class insisted that we _________ more English parties to practise our spoken English.
A. would have B. should have C. would have had D. had
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38. Mary took care of the orphan as if he ______ her own child.
A. is B. was to be C. were D. be
39. If I were you, I ______ to the cinema last night.
A. would have gone B. would go C. had gone D. should go
40. If he _______ the doctor’s advice, he _______quite well now.
A. followed, would be B. had followed, would had
C. would have followed, would be D. had followed, would be
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