2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第1套)

（第1套）

Part I Writing 审题思路

本篇写作话题invention（发明）是考生日常生活中非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不困难。根据写作要求，范文应分三段展开论述，且写作重点应该放在阐述发明的重要性和为鼓励发明应采取的措施两方面。众所周知，发明对于推动社会进步具有重要意义，若要鼓励发明，首先应该使公众具备创造意识，了解发明的重要性，其次对发明者应给予奖励以鼓励其将创造精神发扬光大。 写作提纲

一、 引出话题并阐明发明的重要性

1. 由古今生活的对比引出发明的重要性（modern life, ancient life, great importance, contributes to, advancement, society）

2. 引用爱迪生发明灯泡的实例论证发明的重要性（examples, illustrate, Edison, light bulb, a life as the blind）

二、 为鼓励发明应采取的措施

1. 社会传播媒介和宣传部门向公众宣扬发明的重要性（social media, publicity department, inform, importance of invention）

2. 相关部门应该对发明者进行奖励（authorities, favorable regulations, encourage invention, giving premiums, issuing patent certificate） 三、 得出结论

1. 引用名言强调发明的重要性（Invention, spirit, human being's progress）

2. 要求我们不能低估发明的重要性,并号召大家发挥自己的创造精神（At no time should we underestimate the power of invention, make your own invention） 高分范文

My View on Invention

① Drawing a comparison between modern life and ancient life, we cannot imagine what life will be like now without invention. ② Invention must be attached great importance to, as it is invention that contributes to the advancement of our society. ③ There are several examples which can be cited to illustrate this concept. ④ I can think of no better illustration than the following one. ⑤ If Edison hadn't invented the light bulb, we would have lived a life as the blind in the night.

⑥ Given that invention plays such an essential role in our life, what can we do to cultivate this precious spirit? ⑦ For one thing, it is advisable for the social media and publicity department to vigorously inform the public of the importance of invention. ⑧ For another, the relevant authorities should set up favorable regulations to encourage invention. ⑨ For example, they can set up the practice of giving premiums or issuing patent certificate to inventors.

⑩ Finally, I want to use the following saying as our mutual encouragement, “Invention is the spirit of human being's progress.”11 At no time should we underestimate the power of invention. 12 Therefore, when an idea comes to your mind, just make your own invention. 精彩点评

①② 由古今生活的对比强调发明的重要性。 ③④⑤ 引用爱迪生的实例证明发明的重要性。

⑥ 由问句引出下文谈论的主要内容——鼓励发明精神的措施。

⑦ 论述社会传媒和宣传部门为鼓励发明应尽的职责——宣传发明的重要性。

⑧⑨ 论述相关部门为鼓励发明应采取的措施——对发明者提供奖励及颁发专利证书。 ⑩ 引用名言再次强调发明的重要性。 11对我们重视发明精神提出要求。 12号召我们发挥自己的发明精神。 加分亮点

draw a comparison 做比较

attach great importance to 高度重视 contribute to 促进 illustrate 阐明 essential 关键的

inform sb. of… 告知某人…… underestimate 低估 全文翻译

发明之我见

对比现代和古代，我们很难想象没有发明的生活会是什么样。我们必须高度重视发明，因为正是发明推动了社会的进步。许多例子可以证明这一观点。下面这个例子能更好地诠释这一观点。如果没有爱迪生发明灯泡，夜晚我们将过着盲人般的生活。 既然发明在我们的生活中扮演着如此关键的角色，我们应该如何培养这一宝贵精神呢？一方面，社会传播媒介和宣传部门应该大力向公众宣扬发明的重要性。另一方面，相关部门应该制定一些有利的规章制度来鼓励创造，例如，制定相关规定对发明者进行奖励或颁发专利证书。

最后我想引用一句话与君共勉，“发明是人类进步的灵魂。”任何时候我们都不能低估发明的力量。所以，当你脑海中浮现某种想法时，尽管大胆去发明。 拓展空间 主题词汇

update 使现代化

ever-changing 千变万化的

make demands on… 对……提出要求 demonstrate…spirit 发挥……精神 ameliorate oneself 完善自我

forthcoming challenges 即将来临的挑战 disregard 无视

incur a heavy loss 带来巨大的损失 publicize 宣传，宣扬句式拓展 句式拓展

1. The fundamental reason for attaching importance to invention mainly stems from the fact that obsolete views can be eliminated and replaced by inventive ideas. 重视发明的主要原因在于陈旧的观点将会被别出心裁的观点所淘汰和取代。

2. Someone who is armed with the spirit of invention is more likely to get an edge in the fierce social competition. 具备发明精神的人更有可能在激烈的社会竞争中占据优势地位。

Part II Listening Comprehension Section A

Conversation One

W: Professor Henderson, could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you work and your main area of research?

M: Well, (1) the Center for Climate Research where I work links the science of climate change to issues around economics and policy. Some of our research is to do with the likely impacts of climate change and all of the associated risks. W: And how strong is the evidence that climate change is happening that it's really something we need to be worried about?

M: Well, most of the science of climate change, particularly that to do with global warming, is simply fact. But other aspects of the science are less certain or at least more disputed. And so we're rarely talking about risk. (2) What the economics tells us is that it's probably cheaper to avoid climate change—to avoid the risk—than it is to deal with the likely consequences. W: So what are we doing? What can we do about it?

M: Well, I would argue that we need to develop the science specifically to understand the likely impacts of climate change in different contexts. As I said, we need to understand the best ways of avoiding climate change. (3) And this will involve a huge transition to low-carbon energy systems. And the transition is a tremendous priority. And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale. From a political perspective, we need to understand the terms on which major countries like China and the USA might sign up to a global agreement, because at the moment we don't have that consensus. W: Right.

M: (4) And we also need to plan ahead so that we are in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable, and even more so, too, for the levels that are likely if we don't get those global agreements. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

未听先知 预览四道题各选项，由climate change, global warming, consequences, low-carbon energy systems等词可以初步推测，对话内容与全球气候变暖有关，再结合costly, pressing, signing of a global agreement, Carry out more research等词可以确定，对话涉及全球变暖带来的各种问题以及如何解决等方面的内容。

1. What does Professor Henderson say about his main area of research?

C)。对话开头，女士请男士介绍自己的工作内容、工作地点和主要研究领域，男士说自己在气候研究中心工作，主要工作是将气候变化学与经济和联系起来，他们的一些研究也涉及气候变化可能带来的影响和所有的相关危害。因此答案为C)。 2. What does Professor Henderson say about climate change?

B)。对话中男士提到，经济情况表明，防止气候变化比处理气候变化可能带来的影响花费更少。因此答案为B)。

3. What does Professor Henderson say is a top priority in combating climate change?

A)。在回答女士提出的如何应对气候变化的问题时，男士表示我们应发展专门的技术弄清楚气候变化可能带来的各种影响以及防止气候变化最有效的方法。男士认为防止气候变化涉及向低碳能源系统转型，这也是应对气候变化的当务之急。因此答案为A)。

4. What does Professor Henderson advise us to do to better deal with climate change?

C)。对话结尾，男士提出了应对气候变化的几条建议，比如使用低碳能源、世界大国达成有

关气候变化的全球协议、提前制订应对气候变化可能带来的问题的计划等。对比各选项，C) “提前制订好计划”符合原文，为答案。

Conversation Two

W: I have many business English students. When I teach in the classroom, (5) we often end up talking about things like success and what leads to success, and it's interesting that many of them mention the element of luck. M: Right.

W: Luck is important to success, but since you've seen that fantastic video on the TED Talks website by Richard St. John…he doesn't mention luck at all.

M: Well, I'm a firm believer that people can make their own luck. I mean, what people regard as luck you can actually create to a degree.

W: Sure. (6-1) I think a lot of what people consider luck is attributed to how you respond to the opportunities that come your way. M: Yes. Very good point.

W: (6-2) Seizing the opportunities. But was there any point in the video that you thought was particularly interesting?

M: Yes, actually there was. Something very impressive to me is many people think that luck is important and that natural talent is something you must have in order to be successful. (7) And in the video we saw, the point about getting good at something is not about having some natural talent. It's all about practice, practice, practice. W: Definitely yeah. Natural talent helps in some way. But at the end of the day, you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do. M: Sure.

W: I thought one interesting thing in the video was the idea of passion being so important. And there're people who really love what they do—of course, you're going to want to work harder and put the time and effort into it. (8) And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, then money kind of comes automatically. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

未听先知 预览四道题各选项，由luck, success, practice, talent等词可以初步推测，对话内容与成功相关，再结合第7题各选项可推测，对话内容涉及运气、天赋、训练等因素与成功的关系。

5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

B)。对话开头，女士说自己上课结束前经常和学生们讨论成功这类的事情以及促成成功的因素，很有意思的是许多学生提到了运气这个因素。接下来男士和女士讨论了运气与成功、天赋与成功、坚持训练与成功的关系。由此可知，对话的主要内容是成功的秘诀，即B) “成功的决定因素是什么”。

6. What is the woman's view of luck? D)。对话中，两人首先讨论了运气与成功的关系。女士认为，运气对于成功来说是很重要的，运气归结于人们在机会来临时的反应，所谓的幸运就是抓住了机会。因此答案为D)。 7. What is the chief point the TED Talks video makes?

D)。对话中提到TED Talks网站中的视频节目，该视频阐释了一个主要观点：是否擅长做某事不是取决于天赋，而是取决于是否坚持训练，故答案为D)。

8. What does the woman think is the funny thing in the TED Talks video?

C)。对话结尾，女士说自己发现TED Talks网站视频节目中一件有趣的事情：如果你喜欢自己的工作，对工作充满了热情，并且非常努力，那么钱就会自动找上门来。因此答案为C)。

Section B Passage One

(9) Devils Tower, the first national monument in America, could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree. Its sheer rock sides sweep up from a broad base until they cut off abruptly at the flat summit. Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming, the massive column of rock looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place.

In a sense it was. Devils Tower is a relic of the past, when the molten rock of the earth's core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano. As the centuries passed, the rock cooled and hardened, shrinking and cracking into long columns. (10) Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water. The outer layers of the volcano were worn away, until the hard core stood completely exposed. (11) Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devils Tower as being formed by supernatural powers. The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help. (12) The god caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the towering rock, as seven shining stars in the night sky.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard. 未听先知 预览四道题各选项，各个题目之间的联系似乎并不大，但从第11题中的monument, ancient, sacred place, supernatural等词可以推测，短文讨论的是某个历史遗迹，可能涉及有关历史遗迹的传说等内容。

9. What does Devils Tower look like?

A)。短文开头便介绍了魔鬼塔的基本情况：魔鬼塔是美国第一处受保护的名胜古迹，经常被误认为是一个巨大的树桩。由此可知，魔鬼塔的外形像巨型树桩，故答案为A)。 10. What caused the volcano's outer layers to wear away?

B)。短文在描绘魔鬼塔的形成过程时提到，地心熔岩冲出地面形成了火山颈，火山岩冷却硬化后，收缩碎裂变成了长形的柱子，即魔鬼塔。后来，火山的外层不断被风和水侵蚀，露出了坚硬的核心部分。由此可知，火山外层是被风和水侵蚀掉的，故答案为B)。 11. What does an Indian legend say about Devils Tower?

D)。短文中提到，关于魔鬼塔的形成，印第安人流传着一个传说，传说魔鬼塔是由超自然的力量形成的。因此答案为D)。

12. How did the Rock God help the seven girls in the Indian legend?

C)。短文结尾处讲述了关于魔鬼塔的传说：相传七个女孩受到熊的攻击，她们逃到一块小岩石顶上避难，并祈求岩石之神的庇护，岩石之神让小岩石长大，托着她们远离了地面，愤怒的熊在岩石侧面留下了抓痕。由此可知，传说中岩石之神通过把七个女孩托离地面救了她们。因此答案为C)。

Passage Two

(13) It's no accident that most gas stations have convenience stores attached. Few of us can fill up the tank without buying a few snacks, cigarettes, soft drinks or other items we can live without. “I deserve it.” That's what hard-working men and women say to justify their lavish vacations, big stereo systems or regular restaurant meals. They do deserve such indulgences. However, they also deserve a home of their own, a secure retirement and freedom from worrying about unpaid bills.

No one should have to live with what a Texas mother described as constant stress, tension, even fear about money. (14) Sadly, the pleasure that comes from extravagances often disappears long before the bills do. The video camera that one single mother bought for a special occasion, for example, is not much fun now. She's figured out that it will take her another three years to pay it off at $30 a month. And the New Yorkers who spent a bundle on an outdoor hot tub now admit they rarely use it, “because we can't afford to heat it in winter”. The solution—set priorities, add up the annual cost of each item, then consider what else she could buy with the same money. That will help you decide which items are really worth it. (15) One Chicago woman, for example, discovered that daily lunches with co-workers cost her $2,000 a year; she decided to take lunch to work instead. “I now put $20 a week into my vacation fund, and another 20 into retirement savings,” she says. “Those mean more to me than lunch.” Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

未听先知 预览三道题各选项，由buy, stores, gift, wealthy, bankruptcy, savings, 20 dollars a week等词可以推测，短文内容与消费观念有关。

13. What does the speaker say about drivers who stop at gas stations?

A)。短文开头提到，大多数加油站都配有便利店，这并不是偶然。加满油后，很少有人不去买一些零食、香烟、饮料或者其他一些生活中可有可无的东西。由此可知，司机在加油站停车除了加油外，还会从便利店买东西，故答案为A)。 14. What does the speaker say about extravagances?

A)。短文中讲话者表示，没有人必须生活在德克萨斯一位母亲所描述的那种持续不断的压力、紧张，甚至对钱的恐惧之中，但不幸的是，购买奢侈品带来的愉悦感经常在账单尚未还清之前就早早消失了。即，奢侈品只能带来短暂的愉悦感，因此答案为A)。

15. What does the speaker want to show by the example of the Chicago woman?

D)。短文末尾提到，一位芝加哥妇女发现每天与同事外出吃午饭，一年就花费2,000美元，她决定自己带饭，每周省下20美元存起来用于度假，另外20美元用于退休养老，她说这样比吃饭更有意义。这个例子说明，小笔的日常积蓄可以改变一个人的生活，即，小笔的日常积蓄对于一个人的生活意义重大，故答案为D)。

Section C

Recording One

Let's say you start to brainstorm a list of all the emotions you've ever experienced. Just for fun, try it now.

What's on your list? Chances are, you included things like happy, sad, excited, angry, afraid, grateful, proud, scared, confused, stressed, relaxed and amazed. Now sort your list into two categories—positive emotions and negative emotions.

(16) Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human. We might use the word “negative” to describe more difficult emotions, but it doesn't mean those emotions are bad or we shouldn't have them. Still, most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one. It's likely you'd prefer to feel happy instead of sad, or

confident instead of insecure.

What matters is how our emotions are balanced—how much of each type of emotion, positive or negative, we experience.

Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with. For example, fear can alert us to possible danger. It's a signal that we might need to protect ourselves. Angry feelings warn us that someone is stepping on our toes, crossing a boundary, or violating our trust. Anger can be a signal that we might need to act on our own behalf.

Negative emotions focus our awareness. They help us to zero in on a problem so we can deal with it. (17) But too many negative emotions can make us feel overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted or stressed out. When negative emotions are out of balance, problems might seem too big to handle. The more we dwell on negative emotions, the more negative we begin to feel. Focusing on negativity just keeps it going. Positive emotions balance out negative ones, but they have other powerful benefits, too.

Instead of narrowing our focus like negative emotions do, (18) positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness, attention and memory. They help us take in more information, hold several ideas in mind at once, and understand how different ideas relate to each other. When positive emotions open us up to new possibilities, we are more able to learn and build on our skills. That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.

People who have plenty of positive emotions in their everyday lives tend to be happier, healthier, learn better, and get along well with others.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

未听先知 预览三道题各选项，由第16题中的enrich, harmful和第18题中的expand, narrow等词可以推测，讲座内容与一个会对人造成积极或消极影响的事物有关。 16. What does the speaker say about negative emotions?

B)。讲座开头部分指出，积极或消极的情绪是人类与生俱来的一部分。我们可能会用“消极”这个词来形容那些更加艰难的情绪，但这并不意味着那些情绪是不好的，或者我们不能有那些情绪。接下来讲话者又指出了消极情绪的重要作用。由此可知，无论积极的情绪还是消极的情绪都是生活中所必需的，不能简单地用好或者坏进行划分。因此答案为B)。 17. What happens to people whose negative emotions are out of balance?

B)。讲座中提到，过多的消极情绪会让人不知所措、焦虑、疲惫。当消极情绪失衡时，问题就会看起来严重得无法处理。由此可知，消极情绪失衡会让人们太过紧张，以至于无法处理生活中的问题。因此答案为B)。

18. How do positive emotions affect us? A)。讲座中提到，积极情绪能通过提高我们的感悟能力、注意力和记忆力来影响我们的大脑。即，积极情绪可以拓展我们的头脑，故答案为A)。

Recording Two

In the past few months, I've been traveling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldn't find anything to wear. (19) I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, and I had access to 3D printers. So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer. It just printed the pieces overnight. The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that I'm wearing right now. So it wasn't the first time that I printed clothes. (20) For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.

I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I loved experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.

One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazing—like you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. (21) They were made from hard plastics and that's why they were very breakable. The models couldn't sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.

So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with, I mean the material you feed the printer with. (22) The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. It's strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was able to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word “freedom” embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else, for example, your name or your sweetheart's name.

So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

未听先知 预览四道题各选项，由3D printer，latest style，fashion designer等词可以推测，讲座内容与3D打印机和时装设计有关，结合第21题各选项可进一步推测，讲座可能会涉及3D打印技术存在的问题等。

19. What does the speaker say about the skirt she is wearing now?

B)。讲座开头部分提到，讲话者要参加一个重要活动，却找不到合适的衣服，于是她在电脑上设计了一个裙子，使用3D打印技术制造了出来，而这条裙子正是她此刻身上穿的这件。因此答案为B)。

20. When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?

C)。讲座中明确提到，讲话者在服装设计学院学习时就尝试过用3D打印技术制作时装。因此答案为C)。

21. What was the problem with the material the speaker worked on at a New York fashion house?

C)。讲话者讲述自己在纽约唐人街一家时装店做实习生的经历时说，她在设计服装时遇到了问题，她们制做的两条裙子是用硬塑料做成的，因此很易碎。即，制作裙子的材料坚硬且容易碎，故答案为C)。

22. What does the speaker say about Filaflex?

D)。讲座中提到，用3D打印技术制作衣服最主要的挑战是找到合适的打印材料，讲话者认为Filaflex这种新型打印材料是一个重大突破。因此答案为D)。

Recording Three

Welcome to the third lecture in our series on the future of small businesses in Europe. (23) The purpose of today's lecture, as you have seen from the title and the abstract, is to examine in more detail the problems facing small- and medium-sized enterprises which arise at least in part from having to adapt to rapid advances in technology. And I want to look at these both from a financial and from a personnel point of view and to offer a few hopefully effective solutions.

Here we have three of the most important problems facing small businesses that I want to look at today.

First, keeping up with the pace of technological change, recruiting high quality staff in a time of skills shortages in IT as a whole and in a highly competitive market, and the issue of retaining staff once they've been recruited and trained. Now, all of these problems involve significant costs for all businesses. But there are particularly challenging issues for small- and medium-sized enterprises. And those costs would vary depending on the size and scale of the businesses.

So let's come to the first issue on our list which is keeping pace with developments in technology. (24) Now we all know that the technology industry is intensely competitive with new products being launched all year round as the various companies strive to compete with each other, rather than, say once a year or every couple of years. And this is a real headache for smaller businesses. So, let's imagine we have a small company which is doing OK. It's just about making a profit and it spends most of its income on overheads. So for a company in this situation, keeping up to date with the latest technology, even if it's only for the benefit of key staff, this can be hugely expensive.

So in my view, some creative thinking needs to come in here to find ways to help companies in this situation to stay ahead in the game, but at the same time, to remain technologically competitive.

(25) Well, there's a possibility that small groups of companies with similar requirements but not directly competing with each other, they could share the cost of upgrading in much the same way as, let's say, an intranet operates within larger organizations. In fact, cost-sharing could be a very practical solution, especially in times of financial difficulty. If there's downward pressure on costs, because of a need for investment in other areas, I would argue that this is a perfectly feasible solution.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

未听先知 预览三道题各选项，由arise，examined，solve，entrepreneurs，companies等词可以推测，讲座与企业发展有关，内容可能涉及企业发展所面临的问题及解决方法等。 23. What does the speaker say about the problems facing small- and medium-sized enterprises?

A)。讲座开头，讲话者提到，本讲座的目的是深入探讨中小企业因不得不适应科技进步而面临的问题。由此可知，中小企业面临的问题是由科技进步引起的，故答案为A)。 24. What does the speaker say about the technology industry?

D)。讲话者在论述中小企业面临的第一个难题时指出，技术产业竞争非常激烈，企业为了相互竞争，不是一年一次或者几年一次发布新产品，而是一年到头一直都在发布新产品。因此答案为D)。

25. What is a practical solution to the problems of small- and medium-sized businesses?

D)。讲座末尾提到，如果中小企业有相似的需求，而彼此之间没有直接的竞争关系，那么分担升级成本是解决资金困难的一个非常实用的方法。因此答案为D)。

Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 全文翻译

把科学家们看成提问并回答重要问题的普通人是很重要的。良好、健康的科学研究依赖于（26） 假设、实验和缜密的方，它要求我们愿意提出新问题，尝试新方法。要求科研人员敢于冒风险，并经历失败。良好的科学研究还要求有（27） 符合情境的理解，清楚的解释和简洁的展示。

我们的国家需要更多科学家登上公共（28） 舞台，提供自己对重要事件的意见。我们需要这样的科学家，他们能够用（29） 令人信服并且让人们听得懂的语言，对公众解释自己的所作所为。我们中那些不是科学家的人也应该做好准备，支持科学家参与公共事务，并将科学知识（30） 并入到我们的公共传播中。

我们国家中的很多人，包括一些被选举出的领导人，仍然不了解科学是怎样工作的，也不了解为什么对科研的强劲长期投资十分重要。20世纪60年代时，美国将大约17%的可支配收入（31） 专门用于科学研发，（32） 收获了数十年的经济增长。到2008年时，这一数字下降到了个位（33） 数。与此同时，其他国家却从其科研能力中收获了丰硕成果。 在加州大学，我们不仅（34） 为我们的科研质量自豪，也为我们的科研为改进世界所做出的贡献自豪。为了（35） 加快科学从实验台走向市场，加州大学正将自己的资金投入到自己的优秀想法中。 选项归类

名词： A) arena 舞台，竞技场； E) digits 数字； G) hypotheses 假设； L) inertia 惯性，惰性； O) warrant 授权，授权令

动词： D) devoted 献身于，把……专用于； F) hasten 加速； H) impairing 损害； I) incorporate 合并，使并入； K) indulge 放纵，使沉溺于； M) pride 以……为豪； N) reaping 收获

形容词： B) contextual 上下文的，情境的，前后关联的； C) convincing 有说服力的，使人信服的； J) indefinite 不确定的 详解详析

26. G) hypotheses。空格位于动词短语depends on之后，且与名词experiments及methodologies并列，据此判断应填入名词，且此名词的含义应与experiments“实验”和methodologies“方”存在逻辑上的联系。故推测句意为“良好、健康的科学研究依赖于假设、实验和缜密的方”，由此可知，答案为G) hypotheses“假设”。 在备选项中，arena意为“舞台，竞技场”，digits意为“数字”，inertia意为“惯性，惰性”， warrant 意为“授权，授权令”，均与文意不符，故排除。

27. B) contextual。空格位于名词understanding之前，据此判断应填入形容词，此处形容词作定语修饰名词。根据句意“良好的科学研究还要求有 理解，清楚的解释和简洁的展示”可知，B) contextual“上下文的，情境的，前后关联的”符合此处逻辑，为正确答案。 在备选项中，convincing 意为“有说服力的，使人信服的”， indefinite意为“不确定的”，均与文意不符，故排除。

28. A) arena。空格位于形容词之后，据此判断可填入名词，并与public连用构成固定搭配。故推测句意为“我们的国家需要更多科学家登上公共舞台”。因此填入A) arena“舞台，竞技场”。

在备选项中，digits意为“数字”，inertia意为“惯性，惰性”，warrant意为“授权，授权令”，均不符合文意，且不能与public搭配，故排除。

29. C) convincing。空格位于以that引导的定语从句中，此定语从句使用了主系表结构，据

此判断应填入形容词，且此形容词可以用来修饰language“语言”。根据句意“他们能够用令人信服并且让人们听得懂的语言，对公众解释自己的所作所为”可知，答案为C) convincing“有说服力的，使人信服的”。

在备选项中，indefinite意为“不确定的”，与文意相反，故排除。

30. I) incorporate。空格位于be prepared to do something的结构之中，据此判断应填入动词原形，且此动词应能够和into构成固定搭配。根据句意“准备将科学知识并入到我们的公共传播中”可知，答案为I) incorporate“合并，使并入”。 在备选项中，hasten意为“加速”， indulge意为“放纵，使沉溺于”，pride意为“以……为豪”，均不符合此处语境，故排除。

31. D) devoted。空格位于句子的主语之后，宾语之前，又因为本句为一般过去时，据此判断应填入动词的过去式，且此动词应能够与to构成固定搭配。根据句意“20世纪60年代时，美国将大约17%的可支配收入 科学研究”可知，只有D) devoted“献身于，把……专用于”符合语法、语境，故为正确答案。 备选项中没有其他符合要求的选项。

32. N) reaping。空格位于句子的主体结构之外，描述主句动词所引发的结果，属于结果状语成分，据此判断可填入现在分词。根据句意“美国将大约17%的可支配收入专门用于科学研究， 了数十年的经济增长”可知，答案为N) reaping“收获”。 在备选项中，impairing意为“损害”，不符合文意，故排除。

33. E) digits。空格位于形容词single之后，据此判断可填入名词。根据句意“美国对科研的投入从17%下降到个位 ”，可知，答案为E) digits“数字”，single digits为固定搭配，意为“个位数”。

在备选项中，inertia意为“惯性，惰性”，warrant意为“授权，授权令”，均不符合文意，故排除。

34. M) pride。空格位于句子的谓语动词处，且此动词应能够与on构成固定搭配，备选项中只有M) pride“以……为豪”，符合语法要求。所在句意为“我们不仅为我们的科研质量自豪，也为我们的科研为改进世界所做出的贡献自豪”。 在备选项中，hasten意为“加速”，indulge意为“放纵，使沉溺于”，均与文意不符，故排除。

35. F) hasten。空格位于目的状语to do something的结构之中，据此判断应填入动词原形。根据句意“为了 科学从实验台走向市场”可知，答案为F) hasten“加速”。 在备选项中，indulge意为“放纵，使沉溺于”，不符合文意且为贬义词，故排除。

Section B

我们正处于创新间歇期吗？

［A］ （41） 浏览一下今年消费类电子产品展销会上的精彩部分，你或许会感觉似曾相识。很多今年最炫酷的小玩意儿和去年的甚至前年的都一样。展台依旧令人兴奋，人们还是很疯狂。无人机、3D打印机、虚拟现实眼镜和更多叫不上名字的“智能”设备，很容易让人感到头晕目眩。但是略加思忖，你就会感觉所有这些你都见过。于是你自然会想：我们是处于创新间歇期吗？

［B］ 从某种角度来说，答案是肯定的。（38） 近年来，智能手机、电视、平板电脑、笔记本、台式机占据了市场的大部分份额并引领着创新。但是现在这些产品的增长曲线已经减缓——或者在某些情况下市场份额已经缩水——因为消费者没有那么想要花钱买一些新的玩意儿了。同时，无人机、3D打印机和智能家居设备这些新兴技术似乎有点过时了，称不

上是“下一个大事件”了。

［C］ 技术产业基本上正处在一个尴尬的时期。“（45-1） 没有什么惊世骇俗的奇迹，而且在未来几年内也不会出现，”美国消费者技术协会兼首席执行官盖瑞·夏培罗说道。(45-2) 然而在他看来，这并不意味着创新停滞了。只是进步了一点点。“很多产业正从婴儿期走向青少年期，”夏培罗说。

［D］ 例如，依托现存技术的新技术缺乏吸引大众的基础，因为在很多情况下，这些技术需要与其他的设备有效配合才能展现其真正的魅力。以智能家居的发展为例。（36） 企业施加了很多压力，普通消费者甚至简单试水都会面临巨大压力，因为需要考虑太多的兼容问题。一般人不会去研究他们最喜欢的日历软件是否适合他们的冰箱，或者他们的洗衣机是否和平板电脑兼容。费力去给任何一个智能设备安装不同的应用软件都很让人头大。如果你能够统一管理所有的东西，那就好多了。虽然你会容忍你的智能手机有时出点小差错，但是如果你的门锁出现错误信息时，你可能就没有那么多的耐心了。

［E］ 企业都在推行自己的标准，市场刚出现不久，没有时间选出一个优胜者。一直以来关注硬件的企业现在不得不转而考虑生态系统，为消费者提供解决日常生活问题的实用方法。“话题从什么是技术上可行的转变为什么才是技术上有意义的，”经济学家肖恩·杜布拉瓦茨说道。（43） 杜布拉瓦茨在美国消费者技术协会工作，该协会每年都会举办技术展，他说这种向着寻找解决方法的转变在他对2016年的预测做研究时表现尤为明显。.

［F］ “消费类电子产品展大都追求炫酷，浮华和器件本身，”埃森哲咨询公司研究部总经理约翰·卡兰说道。（40） “但是过去两年，尤其是去年，我们开始看到企业从最大屏幕尺寸、最小形状系数或最闪的机身转而关注所有这些设备能够为消费者的生活切实带来了什么。”甚至过去能达到拉斯维加斯舞台戏剧和舞台效果的技术新闻发布会，喜好也发生了改变。不再关注高炫酷的因素，而是更加关注实际功能。例如，Fitbit（一家美国科技公司）在周一发布了其第一款智能手表，其卖点非常明确，那就是改善健康——作为一件“工具而非玩具”兜售。不仅如此，这款手表还支持很多平台，如苹果的iOS系统，谷歌的安卓系统，还有微软的Windows phone系统。

［G］ 毕竟这似乎才是消费者所需要的。消费者越来越厌倦企业提供的服务了：埃森哲咨询公司发布了一份来自28个国家的2.8万名消费者的调查报告，结果表明，消费者不再像以前那样痴迷于科技。例如，当问及他们是否今年会买一部新的智能手机时，只有48%的人回答会，相较于2015年下降了六个百分点。

［H］ （42） 对于科技公司为我们描绘的超连接超智能世界，它们需要大量的消费者数据，以提高服务水平，为消费者提供个性化的解决方法，但消费者似乎对于这种方式感到越来越不安。这也解释了为什么科技公司大谈其设备的实用性。

［I］ （44） 企业已经赢了一半，科技的确渗透到了我们生活的方方面面，记录我们的步数和心跳。但是那个恒久的问题“我为什么需要它呢？”——或者说白了，“你们为什么需要知道它呢？”——始终是很多新企业头疼的问题。例如，只有13%的受调查者表示2016年有兴趣购买一款新的智能手表，虽然高调宣传了一年，但比例也只比去年增加了1%。这对于任何一个希望智能手表能够追赶成熟的智能手机和平板电脑市场的企业来说都是坏消

息。调查发现，对于健康监测、智能恒温器和联网家庭摄像机的需求也是持平的。

［J］ 调查结果显示，人们之所以热情不高，可能是出于对隐私和安全的考虑。即使是那些买过某种联网设备的人，其中37%的人也表示将来会更加谨慎地使用这些设备和服务。多达18%的人甚至退还过设备，除非他们能够保证自己的敏感信息不被黑客攻击。

［K］ （37） 这同样也解释了为什么今年的展会上有这么多华盛顿参加，因为这些新的技术涉及了严格管制的领域。除了联邦贸易和联邦通信委员会的很多高级，今年出席的制定者中也包括了交通安东尼·福克斯来讲述智慧城市，以及联邦航空管理局迈克尔·伍尔达来讲解无人机。

［L］ （39-1） 埃森哲咨询公司分析师库兰认为，对科技展越来越感兴趣是必然的，因为科技已经成为我们生活中的一大部分。“科技发展的速度和我们能够消化的速度不协调，”他说。“科技越来越强大，并且更加野心勃勃，几乎渗透到我们生活的方方面面。（39-2）我们必须要理解和思考科技的影响，平衡这些伟大的创新和它们自身所具有的负面影响。” 详解详析

36. Consumers are often hesitant to try smart-home devices because they are worried about compatibility problems.

译文 消费者们常常不愿尝试智能家居设备，因为他们担心兼容性问题。 定位 由题干关键词Consumers和compatibility定位到原文画线处。

［D］ For instance, new technologies that are building upon existing technology have not found their footing well enough to appeal to a mass audience, because, in many cases, they need to work effectively with other devices to realize their full appeal. Take the evolution of the smart home, for example. Companies are pushing it hard but make it almost overwhelming even to dip a toe in the water for the average consumer, because there are so many compatibility issues to think about. No average person wants to figure out whether their favorite calendar software works with their fridge or whether their washing machine and tablet get along. Having to install a different app for each smart appliance in your home is annoying; it would be nicer if you could manage everything together. And while you may forgive your smartphone an occasional fault, you probably have less patience for error messages from your door lock.

详解［D］段第三句提到，企业施加了很多压力，普通消费者甚至简单试水都会面临巨大压力，因为需要考虑太多的兼容问题。题干中的compatibility problems对应原文中的compatibility issues，故答案为［D］。

37. This year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.

译文 今年电子产品展的特色是有许多联邦出席。

定位 由题干关键词This year's electronics show和presence定位到原文画线处。

［K］ That, too, explains the heavy Washington presence at this year's show, as these new technologies intrude upon heavily regulated areas. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions, this year's list of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator Michael Huerta, to talk about drones. 详解［K］段提到，今年的电子产品展有许多华盛顿参加，是因为这些新的技术涉及了

严格管制的领域。除了联邦贸易和联邦通信委员会的很多高级，今年出席的制定者中也包括了交通安东尼·福克斯来讲述智慧城市，以及联邦航空管理局迈克尔·伍尔达来讲解无人机。题干中的many officials from the federal government指原文中的many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions和policy makers，故答案为［K］。

38. The market demand for electronic devices is now either declining or not growing as fast as before.

译文 市场对于电子设备的需求现在不是在下降就是没有之前增长的那么快了。 定位 由题干关键词market定位到原文画线处。

［B］ In some ways, the answer is yes. For years, smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops have made up a huge part of the market and driven innovation. But now these segments are looking at slower growth curves—or shrinking markets in some cases—as consumers are not as eager to spend money on new gadgets. Meanwhile, emerging technologies—the drones, 3D printers and smart-home devices of the world—now seem a bit too old to called “the next big thing.”

详解［B］段第二、三句提到，近年来，智能手机、电视、平板电脑、笔记本、台式机占据了市场的大部分份额并引领着创新。但是现在这些产品的增长曲线已经减缓——或者在某些情况下市场份额已经缩水——因为消费者没有那么想要花钱买一些新的玩意儿了。题干中的electronic devices指原文中的smartphones, televisions, tablets, laptops and desktops; declining和not growing对应原文中的slower growth curves和 shrinking markets，故答案为［B］。

39. One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.

译文 一位分析学家认为，创新产品的正面和负面影响我们都需要接受。 定位 由题干关键词analyst定位到原文画线处。

［L］ Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility in the rate at which these are advancing relative to the way we're digesting it,” he said. “Technology is becoming bigger and more aspirational, and penetrating almost every aspect of our lives. We have to understand and think about the implications, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”

详解［L］段提到，埃森哲咨询公司分析师库兰认为，对科技展越来越感兴趣是必然的，因为科技已经成为我们生活中的一大部分。我们必须要理解和思考科技的影响，平衡这些伟大的创新和它们自身所具有的负面影响。题干中的positive and negative aspects对应原文中的great innovations 和the potential downsides，故答案为［L］。

40. The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of elect-ronic devices.

译文 近年来消费类电子产品展开始更多地关注电子设备的实用价值而非其华丽的外观。 定位 由题干关键词practical定位到原文画线处。

［F］ “So much of what CES has been about is the cool. It is about the flashiness and the gadgets,” said John Curran, managing director of research at Accenture. “But over the last couple of years, and in this one in particular, we are starting to see companies shift from what is the largest screen size, the smallest form factor or the shiniest object and more into what all of these devices do that is practical in a consumer's life.” Even the technology press conferences, which have been high-profile in the past and reached a level of drama and theatrics fitting for a Las Vegas stage, have a different bent to them. Rather than just dazzling with a high cool factor, there is a focus on the practical. Fitbit, for example, released its first smartwatch Monday, selling with a clear purpose—to improve your fitness—and promoting it as a “tool, not a toy.” Not only that, it supports a number of platforms: Apple's iOS, Google's Addroid and Microsoft's Windows phone.

详解［F］段提到，过去两年，尤其是去年，我们开始看到企业从最大屏幕尺寸、最小形状系数或最闪的机身转而关注所有这些设备能够为消费者的生活切实带来什么。题干中的recent years对应原文中的the last couple of years, and in this one in particular； focus more on…than…对应原文中的shift from…into…，故答案为［F］。

41. Fewer innovative products were found at this year's electronic products show.

译文 今年的电子产品展上创新产品变少了。

定位 由题干关键词this year's electronic products show定位到原文画线处。

［A］ Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before. Many of the coolest gadgets this year are the same as the coolest gadgets last year—or the year before, even. The booths are still exciting, and the demos are still as crazy. It is still easy to be dazzled by the display of drones (无人机)，3D printers, virtual reality goggles (眼镜) and more “smart” devices than you could ever hope to catalog. Upon reflection, however, it is equally easy to feel like you have seen it all before. And it is hard not to think: Are we in an innovation lull (间歇期)?

详解［A］段提到，很多今年最炫酷的小玩意儿和去年的甚至前年的都一样。题干中的innovative products对应原文中的coolest gadgets，故答案为［A］。

42. Consumers are becoming more worried about giving personal information to tech companies to get customized products and services.

译文 消费者越来越担心为获得个性化产品和服务而将个人信息交给科技公司的这种做法了。

定位 由题干关键词Consumers, customized和services定位到原文画线处。

［H］ And when it comes to the hype-connected super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized solutions that companies need to improve their services. That could be another explanation for why companies seem to be strengthening their talk of the practicality of their devices.

详解［H］段提到，对于科技公司为我们描绘的超连接超智能世界，它们需要大量的消费者数据以提高服务水平，为消费者提供个性化的解决方法，但消费者似乎对这种方式感到越来越不安。题干中的becoming more worried about 对应原文中的growing more uneasy about；personal information对应原文中的consumer data，故答案为［H］。

43. The Consumer Technology Ass-ociation is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.

译文 消费者技术协会是每年消费类电子产品展的赞助商。

定位 由题干关键词The Consumer Technology Associa-tion 定位到原文画线处。 ［E］ Companies are promoting their own standards, and the marker has not had time to choose a winner yet as this is still very new. Companies that have long focused on hardware now have to think of ecosystems instead to give customers practical solutions to their everyday problems. “The dialogue is changing from what is technologically possible to what is technologically meaningful,” said economist Shawn Dubravac. Dubravac work for CTA, which puts on the show each year—and said that this shift to a search for solutions has been noticeable as he researched his predictions for 2016. 详解［E］段提到，美国消费者技术协会每年都会举办技术展。题干中的sponsor对应原文中的puts on the show，故答案为［E］。

44. Many consumers wonder about the necessity of having their fitness monitored.

译文 很多消费者都质疑健康监测的必要性。

定位 由题干关键词fitness monitored定位到原文画线处。

［I］ Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”—or, perhaps more tellingly, “Why do you need to know that?”—dogs the steps of many new ventures. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example—an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. That is bad news for any firm that may hope that smartwatches can make up ground for maturing smartphone and tablet markets. And the survey found flat demand for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器) and connected home cameras, as well. 详解［I］段提到，科技的确渗透到了我们生活的方方面面，记录着我们的步数和心跳。但是那个恒久的问题“我为什么需要它呢？”——或者说白了，“为什么我们需要知道它呢？”——始终是令很多新企业头疼的问题。题干是对定位段的概括，故答案为［I］。

45. The electronic industry is maturing even though no wonder products hit the market. 译文 尽管没有新奇的产品冲击市场，电子产业仍旧日渐成熟。 定位 由题干关键词wonder定位到原文画线处。

［C］ Basically the tech industry seems to be in an awkward period now. “There is not any one-hit wonder, and there will not be one for years to come,” said Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). In his eyes, however, that doesn't necessarily mean that innovation has stopped. It has just grown up a little. “Many industries are going out of infancy and becoming adolescents,” Shapiro said. 详解［C］段提到，技术产业没有什么惊世骇俗的奇迹，而且在未来几年内也不会出现，然而这并不意味着创新停滞了。只是进步了一点点。“很多产业正从婴儿期走向青少年期，”夏培罗说。题干中的maturing对应原文中的becoming adolescents，故答案为［C］。

Section C Passage One 全文翻译

去年十二月签订的《巴黎气候协议》预示着气候行动的一个新时代。世界各国首次同意将全球变暖控制在2℃以下。

这对于一些易受气候变化影响的国家至关重要。全球超过一半的温室气体是由不到4%

的国家排放出来的。在《自然科学报告》发表的一项研究中，我们揭示出这种不公平是如何产生深刻影响的。

（47） 澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲的发达国家实质上是气候的“免费搭便车者”：通过大量的温室气体排放造成大部分问题，而遭受到的气候对食品和水源的影响却并不多。换言之，有些国家正从矿物燃料消费中受益巨大，同时又不成比例地造成气候变化的全球性负荷。

（48-1） 另一方面，存在着很多“被迫上车的乘客”：尽管在气候变化问题上没有什么责任，却因此遭受影响。世界最易受气候变化影响的国家中，大部分是非洲国家或一些小岛国，它们只产生很少量的排放。（48-2） 这有点像是一位从不抽烟的人因为吸入二手烟而罹患癌症，而老烟却很幸运地身体健康地抽着烟。

（46） 《巴黎气候协议》作为全球各国解决气候变化问题的积极举措，一直受到广泛欢迎，尽管其针对“气候公平”的细节最多可以说是较为粗略。

将全球气温升高控制在2℃“以下”值得肯定，但是各国为巴黎会谈而提交的减排承诺却很可能会有负众望。

超过一千亿美元的资金摆上桌面，来支持发展中国家减排。但是，协议明确指出在减排责任上，发达国家和发展中国家之间没有正式的区别，这显然忽视了既往的排放情况。（49） 关于资金的提供者，尤为重要的是谁应为他们的准备金负责，协议中细节不足。确保这些资金，并且明确资金筹集的负责者，对于易受气候变化影响的国家的未来也是至关重要的。 世界上最易受气候影响的国家对于引发这种全球性疾病的责任较小，但却受害最大。（50） 如果我们想在实现各国减排的同时帮助最易受损的国家适应气候变化，急需有效地启动协议中提出的这些。

而这一点很明显要取决于当代这些高排放国家的领导人在气候变化问题上想要以何种面目为世人牢记：是者还是先驱者。 详解详析

46. A)。定位 由题干中的critical和Paris climate agreement定位到文章第五段：The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.

详解 事实细节题。文章开篇引出了《巴黎气候协议》这个话题，但在第二段和第三、四段重点分析了世界上目前存在的气候问题上的不公平。第五段前半句说到《巴黎气候协议》广受好评，但后半句话锋一转，指出它在“气候公平”问题上没有足够的针对性，所以这对于易受气候影响的国家还是不够公平，故答案为A）。 点睛 B）“它仅仅将目标定为将温度升高控制在2℃以下”，从第一段的相关内容可以看出作者对于提出这个目标是持认可态度的，并没有批评的意思，可以排除；C）“它只能让不到4%的国家受益”，作者在第二段中提到少于4%的国家应为过半数的二氧化碳排放负责，但并没有说《巴黎气候协议》只能让这些国家受益，可以排除；D）“它让发达国家担负唯一的责任”， 从第六段可以看出，世界各国都要提交自己的减排计划， 并非只让发达国家负责，故D）与原文意思不符，可以排除。

47. C)。定位 由题干中的“free-riders”定位到文章第三段第一句：Developed nations such as Australia, the United States…causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change's impact on food and water. 详解 事实细节题。定位句指出，少数发达国家在碳排放方面责任最大，但是因气候变化而付出的代价却较小，作者在随后一句中解释说，他们因消费矿物燃料而受益，却对气候变化带来的问题没有负相应的责任，这与搭便车者相似，受益而不付出什么代价。可见，作者的意思是指他们几乎不需要为他们所引发的问题负责，故答案为C）。

点睛 A）“他们不需要为自己所消耗的食物和水担忧”，根据定位句，食物和水只是气候变化可能引发的部分问题，作者是用于举例，不可以偏概全，故排除；B）“他们能够更好地应对全球气候变化”，作者在定位句及随后的句子中明确指出，他们是不为自己引发的问题负责，而没有提到应对能力的问题，可以排除；D）“他们不受影响‘被迫上车的乘客’的温室效应的干扰”，“被迫上车的乘客”只是一个比喻，该项将温室效应和“被迫上车的乘客”联系在一起，是对文章的曲解，可以排除。

48. C)。定位 根据题干中的“forced riders”和second-hand smokers定位到文章第四段第一句：On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”,who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem.和最后一句：This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.

详解 事实细节题。定位句指出，气候问题上的那些“被迫上车的乘客”，排放很少，受气候变化影响却很大，而吸二手烟的人，自己没有吸烟，却因为吸二手烟罹患疾病，两者的相似之处显然在于，他们都是在承受自己不应为之负责的后果，故答案为C）。 点睛 A）“他们对公共健康问题没有什么责任”，这一点只能用于说明吸二手烟的人，不能说明“被迫上车的乘客”与之相似的地方，可以排除；B）“他们都容易因不健康的环境条件而受损”，从第三段和第四段的阐述目的来看，作者是要陈述气候变化的责任问题，因此B）的说法偏离陈述主题，可以排除；D）“他们没有察觉自己面临的潜在风险”，文中并没有说明他们是否察觉和意识到自己面临的风险，可以排除。

49. B)。定位 由题干中的＄100 billion funding定位到文章第七段第三句：There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. 详解 推理判断题。定位句指出，对于到底由谁来提供这笔资金，尤为重要的是谁应为他们的准备金负责，协议中细节不足。可以推知关于这一千亿美金的来源，还没有达成最后的协议，故答案为B）。 点睛 A）“它将激励所有国家减少碳排放”，由第七段第一句可知，这笔资金是提供给发展中国家的，不是针对所有国家的，故排除；C）“没有明确如何花费这笔资金”，文中只提到资金来源的问题，没有谈到如何花费，可以排除；D）“它将有效减少全球范围内的温室气体排放”，从第七段最后一句可以看出，作者认为这笔资金能否确保筹集到，前景尚不明朗，可以排除。 50. D)。定位 由题干中的urgent action定位到文章倒数第二段第二句：There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change. 详解 推理判断题。《巴黎气候协议》就是要实现各国的减排，同时帮助最易受损的国家适应气候变化，作者在定位句中明确指出，最为急需的措施就是有效地启动协议中提出的这些，故答案为D）。 点睛 A）“鼓励高排放国家采取主动”，文中未提及相关内容，可以排除；B）“号召所有相关的国家共同努力”，该说法较为空泛，文中也没有明确涉及，可以排除；C）“让当代世界领导人达成共识”，作者在最后一段中提到高排放国家领导人的态度十分重要，但并没有说让世界领导人都达成共识，可以排除。 高频词汇及短语

herald ［herld］ v. 预报；传达；宣布 vulnerable ［vlnrbl］ adj. 易受伤的；有弱点的 disproportionately ［dsprpntli］ adv. 不相称地 hail ［hel］ v. 向……欢呼；把……誉为

sketchy ［sketi］ adj. 概略的 commendable ［kmendbl］ adj. 值得称赞的，值得表扬的 submit ［sbmt］ v. 提交,呈递 provision ［prvn］ n. 供应；防备；预备 adapt to 适应…… up to 取决于 tyrant ［tarnt］ n. 暴君；君主

Passage Two

全文翻译

（51） 面临抑郁、焦虑和自杀风险的青少年，常常把自己的问题表现得如同霓虹灯标识一般明目昭彰。他们的一些危险行为——过量饮酒、使用违禁药品、抽烟以及逃学——能够警示家长和老师严重的问题即将发生。 但是一项新的研究显示，另一个青少年群体几乎面临着同样严重的精神病征风险：那些大量使用多媒体，睡眠不足和不爱活动的孩子。

当然，这听上去像是在说这个星球上的每一个青少年。但研究警示，在上述三个方面均有极端表现的孩子才是真正的高危人群。（53） 由于他们的行为通常并不被视为危险信号，这些年轻人被研究者标记为“风险”人群。 “从某种意义上讲，他们更易深陷困境，”研究人员弗拉基米尔·卡利说，“大多数家长、老师和医生会对青少年滥用药品或酗酒有所反应，而却很容易忽视这些深陷此类难以察觉的行为的青少年。”

研究者们调查了12 395名学生，分析了九种风险行为，包括酗酒、使用违禁药品、吸烟成瘾、过量使用多媒体和逃学。其目的在于确定青少年中存在的这些高危行为和精神健康问题之间的相互关系。

大约58%的学生没有表现出或极少表现出这些高危行为。大约13%的学生在全部九种高危行为上计分尤其高。而29%为“风险”群体，在三类行为上计分尤其高：他们每天花在电子设备上的时间在五个小时以上；他们晚间的睡眠只有或少于六个小时；他们忽视“其他健康活动”。

在全部九种高危行为上都有高计分的群体最易表现出抑郁症症状；整体来看，这个群体中有15%报告有抑郁倾向，而低风险群体只有4%报告存在这类问题。（） 但风险人群也与高危人群相差无几，他们中有13%表现出抑郁症状。 研究结果令卡利始料未及。“我们十分震惊，”他说，“高危人群和低危群体是显而易见的，（52） 但是这个第三类群体不仅是出乎意料的，而且十分明显，数量庞大——占我们样本数量的三分之一——成为这个研究的关键性发现。”

（55） 卡利说，他的研究最为关键的一点在于为家长、教师和精神保健服务人员提供新的早期警示信号。尽早发现，并对精神健康问题提供支持和治疗，他说，这对于防止他们变成完全意义上的失常者是最佳的方法。 详解详析

51. C)。定位 由题干提示定位到文章首段第一句：Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign.

详解 语义理解题。定位句说到，有精神健康问题的青少年常常将其问题表现得如同霓虹灯标识一样，而随后说到了具体的表现形式有酗酒、使用违禁药品、逃学等，并指出这些行为会引起家长和教师的警惕，可见文中说到这些青少年将问题表现得如霓虹灯标识一样是为了说明这些表现形式很明显，难以被忽视，故答案为C）。

点睛 A）“很多青少年都有精神问题”，在本段中作者显然还没有谈及到人群的数量问题，可以排除；B）“青少年的精神问题得到越来越多的关注”，作者在后文中并没有对比当前与过去人们对这类问题的关注情况，故排除；D）“抑郁和焦虑是精神问题最常见的病征”，文章并没有就精神问题本身展开讨论，该项偏离主题，故排除。 52. D)。定位 由题干中的the finding of the new study定位到第八段第四句：But this third group was not only unexpected, It was so distinct and so large—nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study.

详解 推理判断题。由定位句及之前有关研究发现的段落可知，所谓的风险组在精神问题的表现形式上与传统的高风险组不同，但是在罹患精神疾病的概率方面与高风险组相差无几，这个组别是大家始料未及的，特征明显、人数众多，这个新发现的精神健康问题组群成为了该研究的核心发现，故答案为D）。 点睛 A）“青少年的生活方式近年来发生了巨大变化”，该研究主要针对的是精神问题的表征，也没有对过去和现在进行对比，故排除A）；B）“很多青少年依赖毒品和酒精来获得精神安慰”，有精神健康问题的青少年会使用毒品和酗酒，这已经是众所周知的，并不是这项研究的新发现，故排除；C）“有心理问题的青少年会大量使用多媒体”，在文中，过量使用多媒体设备是可能有精神健康问题的一个表征，本项颠倒了因果关系，故排除。 53. B)。定位 根据题干中的“invisible risk” group定位到文章第三段最后一句：Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the“invisible risk”group by the study's authors.

详解 推理判断题。定位句指出，所谓“风险”组的人，其行为表现通常不被视为危险信号，而在第四段末句也提到家长和教师很容易忽视那些具有这些难以察觉的行为的青少年，可见作者将他们称为“风险”组的原因是他们的行为往往不被视为警示信号，故答案为B）。 点睛 A）“他们的行为可能对社会造成威胁”，作者只是在讨论这些行为与精神健康之间的关系，并没有提及社会影响，故排除；C）“他们的行为不会转向精神问题”，作者在文中明确提出，他们的这些行为是精神问题的表征，因此排除；D）“他们的行为在世界上几乎所有的青少年身上都能发现”，该项是对第三段第一句话的曲解，原文的意思是，尽管这些行为听起来像是所有青少年都有的，但是在第六段中作者明确了其程度指标，故排除。 . A)。定位 由题干中的find about和the invisible group定位到文章第七段最后一句：But the invisible group wasn't far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13%of them exhibiting depression.

详解 推理判断题。定位句指出，风险组与高风险组相差无几，前文提到高风险组罹患精神疾病的比例是15%，而风险组的患病概率也已经达到13%，说明这个组别几乎和高风险组差不多一样容易患抑郁症，故答案为A）。 点睛 B）“他们患上抑郁症却没有表现出任何症状”，原文只说这个组别的青少年所表现出的行为易被人忽视，但是并没有说他们一旦患上抑郁症也不会表现出症状，可以排除；C）“他们经常不会像同辈人一样表现出危险行为”，由原文可知，他们的危险行为与传统的高风险行为不同，但并不是没有危险行为，故排除C）；D）“他们没有像高风险组一样引起媒体的关注”，原文没有提到媒体关注的问题，故排除。 55. B)。定位 由题干中的significance定位到文章第九段第一句：Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers.

详解 事实细节题。定位句指出，卡利认为他的研究最重要的一点是为家长、教师和精神保健服务人员提供新的早期警示信号，让他们尽早辨别出有问题的青少年，故答案为B)。

点睛 A）“它为青少年心理问题提供了新的治疗方法”，卡利的研究并没有讨论治疗方法，只是提供了早期识别问题孩子的方法，故排除；C）“它可能找到了一个处理青少年行为问题的理想方法”，在本项研究中，行为表现是判断心理问题的表征，要处理的应该是心理问题，C）偏离主题，故排除；D）“它以全新的视角阐释了不健康行为是如何引发精神健康问题的”，研究虽然提及了可能预示着精神健康问题的行为类型，但是并没有具体阐释它们之间的关联，故排除。 高频词汇及短语

brew ［brｕ］ v. 酝酿着,即将来临

sedentary ［sedntri］ adj. 不爱活动的，久坐不动的 jeopardy ［epdi］ n. 危险

dub ［db］ v. 把……称为；给……取绰号 clinician ［klnn］ n. 临床医师

excessive ［ksesv］ adj. 过度的,过多的 truancy ［trｕnsi］ n. 逃学，旷课 full-blown ［flbln］ adj. 成熟的；充分发展的 disorder ［dsd］ n. 混乱; 凌乱; 无秩序 red flag 危险信号

Part IV Translation 参考译文

With the improvement of living standards, holiday is occupying a more and more prominent position in Chinese people's life. In the past, making a living takes most of people's time, which gives them rare chance to go off on a trip. However, tourism has undergone a rapid growth in China for the past several years. The prosperity of economy and the emergence of the affluent middle class trigger an unprecedented tourism boom. Not only does domestic traveling become common, but traveling abroad is also enjoying an increasing popularity among Chinese people. During the National Day holidays in 2016, tourism consumption amounts to more than 400 billion yuan. According to the statistical data by the World Trade Organization, China will have become the world's largest tourism country by 2020, and she will also see the fastest growth in overseas traveling expenditure in the next few years.

难点注释

1. 翻译第一句时，“随着生活水平的提高”可像参考译文那样译为With伴随结构，也可译为as引导的时间状语从句，即As living standards improve，其中“提高”还可译为go up, upgrade, rise, enhance等。“在……中的作用越来越重要”可以直译为play an increasingly important role in…，也可像参考译文那样，意译为“占据越来越重要的地位”。

2. 翻译第二句时，可以把中国人作为主语，即Chinese people spend most of their time in…, and they seldom have chance to…，也可像参考译文那样，将“谋生”作为主语，即“谋生花费了人们大量的时间，使得他们很少有机会外出旅行”。其中，“谋生”还可译为earn a living，seek a livelihood等。 3. 翻译第三句时，“中国旅游业发展迅速”除了像参考译文那样意译为“经历了快速发展”以外，还可直译为China's tourism industry has developed rapidly in recent years。

4. 翻译第四句时，关键点是“引发”的译法，除了译为trigger以外，还可译为bring about, give rise to等。“前所未有的”最常见的译法是unprecedented。

5. 翻译第五句时，关键是表示“不仅……也……”的not only…but also…的使用，not only

位于句首时，前半句使用倒装语序，后半句使用陈述语序。除了参考译文的译法外，本句简单的译法是把“中国人”作为主语，即Not only do Chinese people travel domestically, but they travel abroad more and more often as well.“受欢迎”既可译为popular，还可译为enjoy a popularity。

6. 翻译第六句时，关键点是“总计”的翻译，除可译为amount to以外，还可译为add up to等。

7. 翻译第七句时，主要是时态的使用，“2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国”应该使用将来完成时，“在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家”应使用一般将来时。其中，“将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家”可直译为will become a country with the fastest-growing overseas travel expense，还可像参考译文那样意译为“见证旅游支出的最快增长”。