英语听力教程(第2册)Unit 7 听力原文

Unit 7 听力原文

Part I

B

1. A: Do you know how many teeth you’ve got?

B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh. 24? More? (A: Yes) 32? A: Yes.

2. A: Do you know how many bones there are in your body?

B: How many bones? I'll take a guess. 153.

A: 206

3. A: How often does your heart beat?

B: 98 times a minute.

A: No, 70 times a minute.

4. Bob: Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?

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Billy: Just you keep your great nose out of this, Bob, will you?

(Meaning: not interfere in)

5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you in my life again.

Steven: Oh no.

Mary: You really have put your foot in it, haven't you?

(Meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth. tactless)

6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a hand, please?

Dave: What?

Kate: I said can you give me a hand.

Dave: All right, I'm coming. No need to shout.

(Meaning: ask for help)

7. Max: Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man like my son Julian?

Frank: No, I haven't heard of any at all recently.

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Max: Well, could you keep your ears open, just in case?

(Meaning: listen with care)

8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then?

Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?

Carol: No. Maggie Brown. She's in love again.

Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?

Carol: With her boss. Head over heels in love with him, she is.

(Meaning: completely)

9. Nick: Have you ever lent any money to Mick?

Jill: Mick? Huh! I wouldn't lend him any if I were you.

Nick: Why not? Doesn't he pay it back?

Jill: No. Never. He's up to his neck in debts.

(Meaning: deeply involved in)

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10. Liz: She's a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complains. Nothing's too much trouble for her.

Pat: I know, yeah. Not many like her about. She's all heart, really. All heart.

(Meaning: with the deepest devotion)

C

Nobody's really sure why people go bald, but some scientists believe that people may inherit baldness. If you are interested, check out your mother' father. Your hairline may look like his when you get older. Now listen to this radio phone-in. Complete the following chart.

check out：查查

hairline： 发线

comb hair：梳头

shampoo：洗发

bald：秃顶

baldness：秃头

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ridiculous：可笑

patch：部分，区域

wig：假发

Radio presenter: All right. Thank you for that call, Rosemary. We go now, I think, to Glasgow and our next caller, er, Jim Baillie. Hello Jim.

Jim: Hello?

Radio presenter: Hello Jim. What's your problem?

Jim: Er … well I'm er … beginning to lose my hair. Er, I went to the doctor, but he just said there was nothing I can do about it. He said it was probably hereditary. My father was bald by the time he was thirty.

Maurice: Hello, Jim. And how old are you?

Jim: Me. I'm twenty-eight.

Maurice: And are you losing a lot of hair, then?

Jim: Well, it comes out a lot when I comb my hair and you can see a thin part on the top of my head.

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Maurice: And does that really worry you, jim?

Jim: Well. I don't like it. It's old … you know … looks old … I don't want to look like a middle-aged man at twenty-eight. And I wondered if there was some special shampoo I should use … if you could tell me one that I should buy … something like that … you know … to stop it getting worse.

Maurice: Well, you know, Jim, to be honest with you there's not really a lot you can do about it, actually, I'm afraid. I mean, baldness is one of those things that, in my experience, you just have to try to accept. Some men find it more difficult to accept baldness than others …

Tessa: There is one piece of advice, though, Jim, and that's don't try to comb your hair over the bald or thin patch. Don't try to hide it. Whatever you do, don't comb it over because that usually looks ridiculous. And the other thing that usually looks ridiculous is a man with a wig. Don't let anyone persuade you to buy one of those false hairpiece things, because they usually look much worse than a bald man. I actually think bald men can look very attractive. My husband's bald and I think it really suits him.

Part II The digestive system and diarrhea

The human body is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. The food we eat helps to give us energy. It has a long journey to make before all its

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goodness has been taken into our body. The food takes up to six hours to be digested in the stomach, depending on the size of the meal. The complete digestive process takes about 24 hours. But sometimes the system can go wrong.

complex：复杂

self-generator： 自愈(体)

provided：假设

fuel：燃料

warding off：避免

digest：消化

digestion：消化

digestive process：消化过程

digestive system：消化系统

stomach：胃

over-tax：课税过重；负担过重

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insufficiently：不够，不能胜任

grind to a halt：慢慢减速到停止;陷入停顿

rusty：生锈的，腐蚀的

coil up：缭绕

mechanism：机制，机能

sluggish： 行动迟缓的，反应慢的

abdomen：肚子

efficiently：效率高地;有效地

break down：损坏

watery：含水的，水分多的

squeeze：挤；榨

muscle：肌肉

irritable：易怒的，急躁的;过敏的;应激性的;毛躁

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dehydrate：使脱水，使干燥

gut：肠子；勇气;内脏;直觉;

reasonable：合理的，公道的

irritate：刺激，使兴奋;

bowel： 肠;内部;同情心，怜悯心

obviously：明显

clear up：清除

intestine：肠

enzyme：酶

feces：粪，屎，渣滓;粪便

symptom：症状;征兆

diarrhea： 腹泻

constipation：便秘

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contaminated food：污染的食物

virus：病毒

parasite：寄生虫

dehydration：脱水;干燥，极度口渴;失水

fluid： 液体，流体

life saver：救生者

bacteria：细菌

syndrome：综合征;综合症状;典型表现

tummy pains：胃/肚子痛

a pinch of：一撮，少许

A

Our body is made up of thousands of different parts. All these parts work together to keep us alive and to help us move around. The parts of the human body are like the parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become

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rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That is why it is so important to keep every part of the human machine healthy and properly cared for. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies burn food like fuel to produce the energy we need.

The human digestive system is a bit like a very long tube, but it's a lot more complex. It's several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in our abdomen. It has several important jobs to do.

First, it must digest or break down our food. Digestion starts the moment food enters our mouth. Then it continues as the food is squeezed along the gut by muscles in the wall of the intestine. As the food travels through the gut, natural chemicals called enzymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this digested food and water must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it can be used by the body. Finally, the gut must carry away any waste products in the form of feces.

Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimes things can go wrong. Probably the most common gut symptoms are diarrhea and constipation.

With diarrhea, the food and water travels too quickly through the intestine, often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to open the bowels more frequently.

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There are lots of causes of diarrhea. Probably the commonest causes of diarrhea are contaminated food or water, and infection caused by viruses or parasites.

Many cases of diarrhea clear up within a few days without any special medicines. But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real risk of the body drying out or becoming dehydrated. Because of this risk of dehydration, the best treatment for diarrhea is simply to make sure you are drinking enough. Avoiding dehydration in this way can be a life saver.

B

There are lots of different causes of diarrhea. Um, there are infections that can happen, and this is food poisoning, if you like, where in your food you eat some sort of bacteria or organisms, which infect you. Some foods can just irritate the gut and tend to give you diarrhea, although they are not infected. It's just the food itself (that) might irritate your system. Some people, if they get very nervous and stressed about something, find they tend to get diarrhea. Something called the irritable bowel syndrome where something goes wrong with the way the gut works. And people that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of causes.

Most attacks of diarrhea, um, particularly in adults, are not serious and they clear up by themselves within one or two days. The most important thing is to drink lots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, you're obviously losing a lot of

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fluid. And so it's better really not to eat too much, not to worry about that, but to make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, this should have a little bit of salt and sugar in. You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. But if you want to make your own by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of salt, then it's obviously perfectly reasonable to do that.

Part III Immunity

The environment contains many potentially destructive microorganisms. It is impossible for us to avoid contact with microbes. That's why our body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. Then why don't we suffer from constant illness? Do we have our own defense system?

B.

potentially：潜在地

destructive：破坏性的

microorganisms：微生物

impossible：不可能

microbes： 微生物，细菌

invading germs：侵入的细菌

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suffer from：生病；忍受

defense system：防护系统

lash：鞭挞，鞭子;责骂;讽刺;眼睫毛

immunity：免疫

constant (ly)：持续

come into play：起作用

germ：细菌

literally：字面上

assist：帮助

reserve：保存，储备，储存

backup：支持，后援;阻塞;（计）备份文件

bone marrow：骨髓

antibody：抗体

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measles：麻疹

polio：脊髓灰质炎；小儿麻痹症

tuberculosis：肺结核

The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness is our bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity.

A: How does immunity work?

B: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. That's where it does most of its fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, and that comes from the bone marrow. That's where the immune cells are made.

A: So there are many different kinds of cells, different kinds of molecules in the immune system. I guessed the ones that we're probably more familiar with are white blood cells.

B: That's right. White blood cells form a major part of the body's defense. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins. They just lash onto the

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invaders. The white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. The clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly.

A: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to and that's where vaccination comes in, isn't it?

B: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops of its immune system can come into play.

A: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does it?

B: No. It’s a remarkably complex system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underactive sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation.

A: Are there any important illnesses which result from the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselves?

B: There are. One example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the body's own immune system attacks the lining of nerves, which means that

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people's nerves don't work properly.

A: We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. AIDS is one of them. Why not?

B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses aren't there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. That's very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type.

C.

Presenter: The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness is our bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity. And here with me to discuss how it works is Grime Easton. He is a family doctor, and a member of the Science In It here in the BBC World Service. Grime, how does immunity work?

Grime: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, if you like, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their

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cells and their molecules. Um, now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. That's where it does most of the fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, some backup, and that comes from the bone marrow. That's where the immune cells' factories are.

Presenter: So there are many different kinds of cells, and different kinds of molecules tied up in the immune system. I guessed the ones that we're probably more familiar with are white blood cells.

Grime: That's right. White blood cells form a major part of the body's defense. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins, which just lash onto the invaders. Um, but, as you say, the white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. So the clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly. The immune system in the human body fights invading disease. Immunity occurs because the immune system can remember the chemical makeup of invading germs and attack them very quickly.

Presenter: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to and that's where vaccination comes in, isn't it?

Grime: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, um, the body can respond

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very quickly. And all the troops of its immune system can come into play. Vaccination can be used to protect the body against specific infections.

Presenter: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does it?

Grime: No. It's a remarkably complex system. It's a very complicated system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underactive sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation.

Presenter: Are there any important illnesses which result from the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselves?

Grime: There are. And one example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the body's own immune system, we think, attacks the lining of nerves, which means that people's nerves don't work properly.

Presenter: We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. Um, AIDS is one of them. Why not?

Grime: Well, the problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, is that HIV itself attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses aren't there to fight off that infection, or indeed many other sorts of infection. The

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other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. Um, that's very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV, which there are. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type.

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys the body's immune system, and puts the body at greater risk from other common infections. Presenter: I was talking to Dr. Grime Easton of the Science In It about immunity. The reason why he, I, and I hope you, are able to remain as healthy as we are.

Part Ⅳ Why do I catch colds

Virus are most definitely going to get you. And when they do, they will give you anything, from a cold to Ebola. And yet, technically, virus have no life of their own. So why do they cause so much trouble? More to the point, why do I catch colds?

See that guy with the blocked nose. When he sneezes, 40,000 droplets will fly twelve feet in their air, infecting up to 150 people. You should have ducked. A cold virus just can’t live without you. With no cells of its own, it needs to take over your cells and replicate. Here’s something to think about. The virus can only travel around inside a blob of macus. And that mean whenever you catch a sniffle,

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someone else’s snot has been up your nose. Anyway, your immune system is constantly on the prowl for attackers like these. If it wasn’t, you could end up with fatal pneumonia. So, when it spots a viral invasion, it grabs a sample. Here, a T cell first identifies the invader and then deploys an army of tailor-made immune cells to your nose. These provide special backup for the standard immune cells already fighting your cold. Your nose has become a battleground. Meanwhile, to stop infection spreading to your lungs, you’re manufacturing a daily pint of macus. This snot gives you a headache. While the virus irritates your nose, so you have to blow it around 45 times a day. Beating a cold takes you about seven days and you’ll catch about four a year.

This is the golden age for the cold virus. It hops on planes with its human hosts, visits new cities and finds hundreds of new homes with every sneeze. As it replicates, it mutates. So by the next year it may be back in a different form.

Part V Dental Health

People have been troubled by tooth and gum problems for thousands of years. The earliest record of dental treatment comes from ancient Egypt. Books say the Egyptians treated gum swelling by using a substance made of spices and onions. The earliest known person to treat tooth problems was also from Egypt. He lived about five-thousand years ago. He was known as a \"doctor of the tooth.\"

Experts say Chinese people living almost five-thousand years ago treated tooth pain by acupuncture -- placing small sharp needles in different parts of the

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body. About one-thousand-three-hundred years ago, the Chinese filled holes in the teeth with a mixture of the metals mercury, silver and tin. That was almost one-thousand years before a similar substance was first used in western countries. Some ancient people like the Maya did not treat dental disease. But they made their teeth pretty by placing pieces of stone and metal on them.

The ancient Romans were careful about keeping their teeth clean. More than two-thousand years ago, the Romans treated toothaches, filled holes in teeth, and made false teeth to replace those that had been lost.

From the fifth to the fifteenth centuries, Europeans with tooth problems went to people called barber-surgeons. These people performed many services, including cutting hair, pulling teeth and treating medical conditions. Dental treatment improved during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as doctors increased their knowledge about teeth.

Modern dentistry began in the Seventeen-Hundreds in France. That was when Pierre Fauchard published his book called \"The Surgeon Dentist.\" It was the first book about dental science. The book provided information about dental problems for other dentists to use. And it described ways to keep teeth healthy. Pierre Fauchard is considered the father of modern dentistry. His work was important in helping establish dentistry as a separate profession.

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