非谓语动词知识点总结
撰稿人：穆佳奇
一、基本概念
非谓语动词就是不作谓语的动词，因为句子中已经有谓语（一句话有且只能有一个谓语动词）。因此，做题前，需要判断所给句子中是否存在谓语动词。
非谓语动词主要包括现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式三部分。也就是说，如果想把一个谓语动词变成非谓语动词，就三种可能：加ing、加ed或加to。 二、三种形式做定语的基本用法（修饰名词） doing 主动 进行
done 被动 过去
to do 主动 将来
to be done 被动 将来 being done 被动 进行
注：非谓语在句子中做定语修饰名词时，主被动主要看名词和非谓语动词间的逻辑关系，时间主要看句子翻译或明确的时间标志。 The meeting being held these days is of great importance. The meeting held last week is of great importance. The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.
三、三种形式做状语的基本用法（表伴随、目的、原因、结果等） doing 主动 同时进行
done 被动 同时进行
having done 主动 先于谓语动词完成
having been done 被动 先于谓语动词完成
to do 主动 同时进行 目的 目的
to be done 被动 同时进行
to have done 主动 先于谓语动词完成
注：非谓语在句子中做状语时，主被动主要看句子的主语，时间主要看句子翻译（与谓语动词的先后顺序）。
Having finished his homework, Peter went out to play. Finishing his homework, Peter went out to play. (此句不成立) Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. To finish his homework, Peter went home early. Seen from the top, the mountain is quite beautiful. I happened to have seen this film. 四、特殊知识点1
常用的感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice跟宾语， 1)后面的宾语补足语用do，句子主语变被动时，加上to。 We often heard her sing in the next room. She was often heard to sing in the next room.
2)后面的宾补有三种形式：do; doing; done. 不随句子的时态、数的变化。 I know her well. I watched her grow up. I heard her crying sadly in the next room. I saw the flowers watered yesterday. 五、特殊知识点2
当but和except前有实意动词do, does, did,或done出现时，其后面跟省略to的不定式，否则加上to。
We had nothing to do at that time but lie down to sleep. We had no choice at that time but to lie down to sleep. 六、特殊知识点3 形式主语&形式宾语
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. Max found it important to study the situation in Russia. 七、特殊知识点4 too… to…结构
八、特殊知识点5
后面接动名词的动词或动词短语
admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, suggest, allow, advise, forbid, permit, feel like, give up, put off, can’t help, devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to.
注：动名词指doing或being的各种形式，包括doing，being done，having done和having been done
介词后面加动名词，如of，for，without等。 九、特殊知识点6 动名词复合结构
动名词的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成，如果作宾语时，也可用宾格+动名词。
He suggested our/us trying it once again. Is there any hope of Xiao Ming’s winning? 十、特殊知识点7
后面接动名词的常用句型： There is no good/use… There is no point… Have difficulty/trouble …. 十一、特殊知识点8
当forget, go on, regret, remember, stop跟动名词时，表示动名词动作的时间顺序发生在它们之前，跟不定式时则相反。 I remember doing the exercise. I must remember to do it. I stop to drink water. I stop walking. 十二、特殊知识点9
动词need、require，want翻译成“需要”时，后面的宾语用doing或to be done。 These flowers need watering.
These flowers need to be watered. be worth 后面用doing表示被动。 This book is worth reading. 十三、特殊知识点10
连词when，while，if，though，than，as等+分词时，前后主语必须一致。(省略前面的主语及be动词)
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life. 十四、特殊知识点11 ing修饰物，ed修饰人。
This is an interesting book. He is interested in it. 十五、特殊知识点12 非谓语动词的否定形式 not doing not to do nor done not having done not to be done not having been done 十六、特殊知识点13
mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 try to do 尽力做 试着做
十七、特殊知识点14
I like playing football, but I don’t like to play it this afternoon. What to do next is up to you.
We don’t know when and where to hold the meeting. Why not 后面接动词原形。 十八、特殊知识点15
try doing
独立主格
如果前后主语不一致，要用独立主格结构。 Spring coming on，the trees turn green.
All things considered, the planned trip have to be called off. =After all things are considered
Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic. with的复合结构
with+宾语+doing sth. (非谓语动词与宾语间的关系是主动、进行) with+宾语+done （非谓语动词与宾语间的关系是被动、强调完成） with+宾语+to do sth. (非谓语动词与宾语间的关系是主动、强调将来) with+宾语+形容词 （表状态） with+宾语+介词短语 （表伴随状态）
With the old man leading us, we had no trouble in finding the village. With the old man to lead us, we will have no trouble in finding the village. With all the problems solved. the headmaster is relaxed. With the door open, the boy fell asleep. With a book in his hand, our teacher came in.
十九、特殊知识点16 get+过去分词
get started get engaged get divorced get married
get dressed get burnt get hurt get caught
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