Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something? 你想对我说什么吗?
学 习 目 标 全 解 必记单词 pull v.拔 collect v.搜集 collection n.收藏品,收集品 nod v.点头 meanwhile adv.同时 pull out拔掉,撤出 try to do sth.努力做某事 be full of=be filled with 充满 in answer to回答,响应 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 remove……from……从某地移除 be able to do sth.有能力做某事 1. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. 2. Meanwhile,my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 动词不定式 (一)动词不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. 下辆即将到达的火车来自华盛顿。 ②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister? 你是否有什么要带给你姐姐? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? 你对这个问题有什么想说的吗? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? 你能给我一些纸写吗? ⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last. 最总我去法国的愿望实现了。 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例①)。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④)。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②)。 常考短语 经典句型 重点语法
重点语法
(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。
(二)动词不定式的时态和语态 1.主动语态
1) 现在式:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这个。
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 我很抱歉带给你如此多麻烦。
He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
3)进行式:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something. 他似乎正在吃什么。
4)一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来 2.被动语态
1)一般式,由to be+过去分词构成。
The problem remains to be solved. 这个问题还有待解决。
2)完成式,由to have been+过去分词形式构成。 He is said to have been hurt in the accident. 据说他在事故中受了伤。
(三)动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式由not或never加不定式构成 Tell him not to shut the window. 告诉他不要关窗。
She wished never to see him again. 她希望永远不再见到他。
(四)不带to的不定式
重点语法
(1)情态动词( 除ought 外,ought to意思是“应该”,是情态动词,只有一种形式,后边接动词不定式,to不能省略。ought to没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来,由时间状语或上下文决定。 They ought to come tomorrow. 他们明天应当来
(2)使役动词let, have, make: (3)感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。 注意:在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
在使役动词中get除外(get sb. to do sth.) I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance. 我看过他跳舞。
The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 老板让他们通宵工作。
(4) 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather,had better,might(just) as well:rather than置于句首时。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.
比起挤公交车,他宁愿骑自行车。 (5) Why… / why not…:
(6) help 可带to,也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth:
(7) but和except:but前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
(8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去:
(9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后,可以省去to be:
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
(10)but作介词,后接不定式结构时,前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时,but后的不定式要省去to,否则要带to。
He wants to do nothing but go out. 他什么都不想做,只想出去。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 他相信任何事,除了吃药。
重点语法 (11)当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and,but或or连接时,后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时,则不能省略。 He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 他想搬去法国跟那个女孩结婚。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult. 新科技的目的是使生活更容易,而不是使他更艰难。 (12)不定式做表语时,一般要带to,但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时,符号to可省去。 We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home. 我们已经错过了最后一班车,我们能做的是步行回家。 1.In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. 作为对这些问题的回答,我不是点头,就是发出奇怪的声音。 in answer to是固定短语,这里表示“作为对……的回答”“响应……的请求” In answer to his request,I wrote a letter of reference for him.(=at his request) 作为对他请求的回应,我给他写了一封信。 2.Meanwhile,my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 与此同时,我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。 the hole where the tooth had been刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the hole。关系副词引导的定语从句。 1)先行词是表示时间的名词关系副词用when;先行词是表示地点的名词关系副词用where;先行词是reason关系副词用why。 2)关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which” 结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。 There are occasions when(on which)one must yield. 有时候人不得不屈服。 Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. 我出生在北京。 Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 难道这就是他为什么拒绝我们帮助的理由? 3)that代替关系副词 教材全解
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词而取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。 His father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born. 他爸爸在他出生那年就死了。 He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago. 他似乎找不到他四十年前居住的地方。 辨析:meanwhile,while,during 易混词 辨 析 例 句 Mother went shopping, meanwhile,I cleaned the house. 我打扫屋子时,妈妈正在购物。 meanwhile adv./n. In the meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine. 同时,我将拜访我的一位老朋友。 I’ll take care of your children while you are away. while conj. 你不在时我将帮你照顾你的孩子们。 Don’t speak during the meal. during prep. 吃饭时不要讲话。
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