新译林版英语必修5Unit 3 Section Ⅰ 知能演练轻松闯关

A卷

Ⅰ 阅读理解

A

A new report from the International Bar Association(IBA) suggests machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations. One of the authors of the report, Gerlind Wisskirchen, believes that governments need to introduce human quotas(配额) in some sectors in order to protect jobs.

The report suggests that the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers. Financial services are more at risk than legal roles though, as algorithms(计算程序) are easier for a computer to solve when compared to keeping client relationships and making new laws. Simple physical work is also in the firing line, the authors mention.

As the world population heads towards 7 to 10 billion, futurist Morris Miselowski says, “I’m not sure that this nine­to­five, Monday to Friday work as we understand it, will continue for many of us for the next couple of decades.” He forecasts that the shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule.

“Artificial Intelligence(AI) ... and all sorts of new technologies are just about to happen；all of that’s going to change where, how and when we do work.”

Ms. Wisskirchen was surprised by how far­reaching the effects of automation(自动化) are. “Even though automation began 30 years ago in the blue­collar sector, the new development of artificial intelligence and robotics affects not just the blue-collar sector, but the white­collar sector，” said Ms. Wisskirchen.

Toby Walsh, professor of Artificial Intelligence at UNSW, said there was a silver lining when it came to technology and the future of jobs.

“It’s always good to remember that although technology will take jobs away as they raise in this report, there will also be new jobs created by technology，” he said. “In fact if we look at the history of technology since the Industrial Revolution, more jobs have been created than destroyed.”

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一份来自国际律师协会的最新报告探讨了科技对未来人类工作的影响。

1．What message does the new report from the IBA send? A．More jobs will be offered to humans. B．Someday humans won’t need to work.

biggest changes will be a

C．More jobs will be created because of AI. D．Someday robots will take over your job.

D 解析：推理判断题。由首段的“machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations”和第二段的“the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers”可知，来自国际律师协会的这份报告传达的信息是某一天机器人可能会取代人类的工作。

2．According to Morris Miselowski, what will happen in the future? A．AI will make humans’ life easier. B．Physical work will disappear from sight. C．The traditional work hours will be changed. D．Automation will have little effect on lawyers.

C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“the biggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule”可知，由于人工智能和各种新科技的到来，Morris预测今后传统的工作时间会发生巨大变化。

3．Who is optimistic about the future of jobs? A．The author. C．Morris Miselowski.

B．Toby Walsh. D．Gerlind Wisskirchen.

B 解析：推理判断题。本文探讨的是科技对未来人类工作的影响，由最后一段Toby Walsh说的话“In fact if... than destroyed.”可知，他对未来的工作表示乐观。

B

Lise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878.She was the third child of eight children in the family.Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was

important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.

When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性)．

When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was

admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctor’s degree in 1906.She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin.There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.

In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment.Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to co­work.Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”．The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944.Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.

【解题导语】 Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。 4．What can we learn about Lise Meitner’s childhood? A．She received a good education. B．She often went against her parents. C．She showed a great talent for music. D．She lived a hard life with her family.

A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。

5．Why didn’t Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school? A．She wasn’t interested in college. B．Girls in her country were not allowed. C．Her family couldn’t afford the school fees. D．She wanted to study radioactivity by herself.

B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。

6．What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin? A．She was unfairly treated there. B．She made the wrong college choice. C．She should have kept her identity a secret. D．She should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.

A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。

7．What was most probably Lise Meitner’s attitude toward the Nobel committee? A．Indifferent. C．Angry.

B．Unclear. D．Supportive.

C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。

C

Have you had this experience? You are watching a movie.A man is shooting on the screen.The picture is so real that you think he is shooting at you.Or a car is speeding on the screen and at one point you are afraid that it will hit you.

Three­dimensional(3D) movies use special technology to make pictures seem more real and exciting than two-dimensional ones.The popular movie Avatar uses 3D technology.

So far we can only see 3D movies in the cinema with a special screen and projector(放映机)．But soon, we will be able to watch them in our living rooms.Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.The company is also hoping to make other products with 3D, like laptops and PS3(索尼的家用游戏机)．

“The_3D_train_is_on_the_track,_and_we_are_ready_to_drive_it_home，”said the President.3D movies and TV programs are fun to watch, but do you know how they are made? It is much easier to understand if we do an experiment.

Hold one of your fingers up at arms length and close one eye.Then try closing the other eye.As you switch between open eyes, you should see your finger “jumping” left and right against the background.

This happens because our two eyes are about 4cm away from each other.The separation causes each eye to see the world from a different angle.The brain puts these two views together.What you see becomes three­dimensional.

3D movies are made using two video cameras at the same time, which creates two different images.When the movie plays in a cinema, two projectors put the two images on the screen.With a pair of 3D glasses, the two images are separated and each image only enters one eye.Your brain puts the two pictures back together, and the pictures on the screen become three­dimensional.

【解题导语】 这篇短文主要介绍了3D技术的工作原理。

8．What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean? A．They’ve got a train to take 3D movies back home. B．They are not sure about the future of 3D movies. C．They are ready to bring 3D technology to home. D．They have no more work to do on 3D technology.

C 解析：句意理解题。这句话的字面含义是“3D这辆火车已经在轨道上了，我们正准备把它开回家。”联系上一段中的“Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.”可知此处指的是他们已经准备将3D技术带入个人家庭。故选C。

9．From the passage, we know that 3D technology ________． A．creates two different images separately B．works in the similar way of eyes seeing things C．uses special video cameras and screens D．can be very easy to experiment with

B 解析：细节理解题。根据短文后两段描述可知3D技术和眼睛的工作原理相似。故选B。

10．The passage is mainly about ________． A．what 3D technology needs B．what 3D movies are C．how 3D movies develop D．how 3D technology works

D 解析：主旨大意题。根据短文后三段描述可知这篇短文主要讲述了3D技术的工作原理。故选D。

11．In which page of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage? A．Science. C．News.

B．Advertisement. D．Fiction.

A 解析：文章出处题。这篇短文主要讲述的是3D技术，故我们应该在科学板块看到这一内容。故选A。

Ⅱ 七选五

For our brains, being in the Internet Age is like being a five­year­old in a candy store.But while five­year­olds in candy stores have tons of fun, they aren’t known for achieving great

things.Sometimes, your brain just needs to accept it and can’t always get what it wants. 1.________Here are some ways to improve productivity.

2．________Breaks are important.But unscheduled Internet breaks can keep you from ever getting into the “flow” of work.For those of us who don’t trust our own willpower in the face of that shiny browser(浏览器) icon, you can get Internet­blocking software like Freedom that actually prevents your computer from surfing the Internet for set periods of time.

Quit tapping(轻叩) on that phone.We know smartphones are great when you have to wait in line for more than five seconds.But phone tapping during work periods often just means about a hundred unearned breaks.Of course, some jobs require constant access to your phone.But most of the time, you’d be better off accepting that nothing bad will happen if you disconnect for a few hours. 3.________

Make a list and go through it carefully.The list is one of the simplest and most ignored relics of the pen and paper age. 4.________There’s nothing more satisfying than completing something with patience.

Turn on some music without words.5.________ But the mistake people sometimes make is to listen to music with lyrics.Music with lyrics can be distracting(分心的) if you’re trying to work or read.

A．Get off the Internet. B．Always know your weakness. C．Your brain needs structure and focus.

D．Remember to just work on one problem at a time. E．Don’t let your brain go to play until your tasks are done. F．The pleasant melody will help you feel relaxed to work.

G．Just put your phone in a different room—out of sight and out of mind. 答案：1－5.CAGEF

B卷

Ⅰ 阅读理解

How come we think dogs are so smart? A dog might be clever enough to fetch his lead when he wants to go out.But he might also spend a whole hour running after his own tail.How can you measure an animal’s brain power?

The hardest part is coming up with the right test.The test has to be something the dog can learn to do: select a block by pushing it with a nose, for example.The

test also has to be something the dog wants to do: a dog might stare at that block until he figures out there’s a hidden treat.

Researchers use treats to give dogs IQ tests.The dog is presented with a plate with a blue block on it; underneath the block is a treat.The animal moves the block and gets the treat.Now the test

gets tricky.The dog is presented with the same plate, but this time it has a blue block and a yellow coffee can lid(盖子)on it; the treat is under the yellow lid.The test: how long does it take the dog to learn that the treat is always under the new object on the plate？The smarter the dog, the quicker he’ll find the treat.

That seems simple enough, but things become more complicated (复杂的) when you try to compare different kinds of animals.Monkeys_wipe_the_floor_with_dogs on this test.Dogs may have to try hundreds of times before they select the yellow lid.Monkeys learn much more quickly to find the hidden treat.Does that mean monkeys are smarter than dogs?

Not necessarily.The test was originally designed for monkeys, and it gives them an unfair advantage: by nature monkeys are curious and like to check out new things.Dogs tend to be cautious about approaching new things.

Even if you could find a test that was perfectly fair to all animals, it’s silly to ask whether one kind of animal is smarter than another.All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldn’t survive.A chicken can figure out where to get food or how to run from a predator(食肉动物)．So a chicken is as smart as it needs to be.

1．What is a requirement for a test of animal intelligence? A．The test must include a block like object. B．The test must compare two different animals. C．The test must be given when the animal is in training. D．The test must be something that can be taught to an animal.

D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知， 测试必须是动物能学会而且想做的事情。 2．What does the underlined part “Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Monkeys are cleaner than dogs. B．Monkeys perform better than dogs. C．Monkeys have learnt to clean floors. D．Monkeys like to compete with dogs.

B 解析：句意理解题。由划线部分下文中的Dogs may have to try hundreds of times...more quickly to find the hidden treat.可知，猴子比狗更快找到食物， 由此可以推断，“Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs”意为“猴子比狗表现得好”。

3．According to Paragraph 5, how are monkeys and dogs different? A．Monkeys learn quickly but dogs learn slowly. B．Monkeys like taking tests but dogs dislike them. C．Monkeys do not like working with humans, but dogs do. D．Monkeys explore new things but dogs shy away from them.

D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的monkeys are curious...be cautious about approaching new things可知， 猴子对新事物充满好奇， 而狗对新事物总会小心翼翼。

4．According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The smartest animals make the best pets. B．Most animals are as smart as they need to be. C．Animals can do what humans want them to do. D．Bigger animals are smarter than smaller animals.

B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldn’t survive.可知， B项正确。

Ⅱ 完形填空

It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.__1__that time，mountains were__2__by the people living on the plain，__3__by the city people, to whom they were wild and__4__places in which one was easily__5__or killed by terrible animals.

Slowly, however, many of the people who were living__6__in the towns began to grow tired of__7__. They began to feel interested in looking for things which could not be explained, for sights and sounds which produce a feeling of fear and excitement.__8__， in the __9__century, people began to turn away from the mana holiday.

Then, mountain climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly__13__about getting to the__14__of a high mountain：a struggle against nature is finer than a battle__15__other human beings. And then, when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult__16__， what a__17__reward it is to be able to look__18__on everything within__19__！At such time，you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel __20__．

【解题导语】 本文介绍了爬山运动的历史，同时介绍了此项运动的魅力。 1．A.After C．At

B．In D．Before

made__10__to the untouched country，and

particularly__11__places where it was dangerous and wild. High mountains began to be __12__ for D 解析：根据前文可知在18世纪欧洲人才开始认为山是美丽的，由此可推断出在此之前，人们认为山是危险的，故D项正确。

2．A.loved C．feared

B．liked D．observed

C 解析：根据下文的“they were wild”和“killed by terrible animals”可知人们畏惧山。fear“害怕，畏惧”，符合语境。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；observe“观察”。

3．A.however C．sometimes

B．further D．especially

D 解析：生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合语境。

4．A.exciting C．dangerous

B．interesting D．alone

C 解析：根据下文的“killed by terrible animals”可知对于他们来说山是危险的地方。dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。exciting“令人兴奋的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“单独的”。

5．A.broken down C．discovered

B．lost D．caught

B 解析：人们在山里容易迷路。be lost“迷路”，符合语境。break down“垮掉”；discover“发现”；catch“捉住”。

6．A.unhappily C．comfortably

B．lonely D．easily

A 解析：慢慢地，许多在城镇中生活得不幸福的人们开始厌恶城镇了。unhappily“不快乐地”，符合语境。lonely“孤单的”；comfortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。

7．A.them C．themselves

B．it D．that

A 解析：代词作宾语，且指代前文的“towns”，故应用them。 8．A.Yet C．However

B．So D．But

B 解析：上下文之间有因果关系，故用表示结果的并列连词so。yet“然而，但是”；

however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。

9．A.last C．eighteenth

B．recent D．early

C 解析：根据第一段中“It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.”可知在18世纪人们开始喜欢大山了。

10．A.country C．town

B．houses D．planet

C 解析：根据上文“many of the people...in the towns began to grow tired of________”可知人们开始厌烦城镇，想要从城镇里出去，故C项正确。

11．A.to C．in

B．at D．for

A 解析：turn away from...to...“离开……去……”。并列连词and连接两个介词to短语。 12．A.important C．necessary

B．right D．popular

D 解析：高山开始成为人们喜欢的度假胜地。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。important“重要的”；right“正确的”；necessary“必要的”。

13．A.pleasant C．dangerous

B．interested D．terrible

A 解析：对于一些人来说，爬到山顶是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合语境。interested“感兴趣的”；dangerous“危险的”；terrible“可怕的”。

14．A.foot C．top

B．spot D．tip

C 解析：爬山目标当然是到达山顶。top“顶”；foot“底部”；spot“斑点，地点”；tip“尖”。

15．A.in

B．to

C．against

C 解析：a battle against...“与……的战斗”。 16．A.fight C．walk

D．between

B．climb D．running

B 解析：长久而且很难的攀登后到达山顶。climb“攀登”，符合语境。 17．A.surprising C．disappointing

B．satisfactory D．astonishing

B 解析：能够俯瞰一切是多么令人满意的报答啊！satisfactory“令人满意的”，符合语境。surprising“令人惊奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astonishing“令人惊讶的”。

18．A.behind C．down

C 解析：look down on“俯瞰”。 19．A.miles C．seeing

B．minutes D．sight B．up D．around

D 解析：俯瞰视野内的一切。sight“视野”，符合句意。miles“数英里”；minutes“数分钟”；seeing“观看”。

20．A.above C．under

B．below D．away

B 解析：在那时，你会比在山下时感到更高兴、更自豪。below“在下面”，符合句意。above“在上面”；under“在……的下面”，为介词；away“在远处”。

Ⅲ 语法填空

As a boy, Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things. He loved to walk through the woods, 1.____________(look) at plants and birds. At the age of 8, Darwin 2.____________(send) to school, where he studied Latin, classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless. He preferred 3.____________(science) studies. As a result, he did 4.____________(poor) lessons.

In 1928, Darwin’s father, who was very strict 5.____________ his son, sent him to

in

his

school

Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow. Upon graduation, Professor Henslow asked him 6.____________(go) with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world. During the voyage, Darwin collected rocks, bones and 7.____________(insect)．He noted what he observed.

The widely 8.____________(accept) theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth. In 1859, Darwin published his famous book, The Origin of Species, in 9.____________ he explained his famous Theory of Evolution(进化)．

Today, Charles Darwin is recognized as one of 10.____________ greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。 1．looking 解析：looking at plants and birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。

2．was sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。

3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。 4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。 5．with 解析：be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。 6．to go 解析：ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。

7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。 8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。

9．which 解析：in which he explained his famous Theory of Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his famous book。

10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。