高考频度：★★★★★
构词法一 派生法 1.形容词变副词的后缀
在形容词后加－ly可变成相应意义的副词 直接加－ly extreme→extremely尤其，非常 stupid→stupidly 傻地 改y为－ily happy→happily快乐地 merry→merrily 快乐地 去e加－ly 2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 －age －cy 例词 short→shortage不足；短缺 efficient→efficiency效率；功效 accurate→accuracy准确性 －dom free→freedom自由；自主 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 silent→silence沉默 －ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；强项 wide→width宽 －y －ty －ity 3.动词变名词的后缀
disable→disability无能；残疾 responsible→responsibility责任 true真的→truly真地 后缀 －al 例词 approve→approval赞成；批准 arrive→arrival到来 －ance appear→appearance出现；外貌 perform→performance表演；节目 －ence exist→existence存在；生存 refer→reference参考；查阅 －ion construct→construction建设 evaluate→evaluation评估 －ation consider→consideration考虑 imagine→imagination想象力 －(s)sion discuss→discussion讨论；辩论 admit→admission接纳；准许入学 －ing hear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始 －ment argue→argument辩论；论据 equip→equipment设备 －ure fail→failure失败；没做到 press→pressure压力 －ture mix→mixture混合；混合物 depart→departure离开；出发 －y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery发现 其他 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向；趋势 4.表示＂人＂的后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：
后缀 例词 village→villager村民 －er strange→stranger陌生人 －ar －ee interview→interviewee被面试者 invent→inventor发明家 －or educate→educator教育家；教师 steward → stewardess 女乘务员 －ess host→hostess 女主人；女主持人 China→Chinese中国人 －ese Japan→Japanese日本人 America→American美国人 －an Australia→Australian澳洲人 history→historian历史学家 －ian politics→politician政治家；政客 special→specialist专家 －ist tour→tourist旅行者；观光者 participate→participant参加者 －ant assist→assistant助手；图书管理员 5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 －able comfort→comfortable舒适的 person→personal个人的；私人的 －al nature→natural自然的；天生的 hope→hopeful有希望的 －ful peace→peaceful和平的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 －ed bore→bored感到厌倦的 例词 accept→acceptable可接受的 lie→liar说谎者 employ→employee受雇者；雇员 surprise→surprising令人惊讶的 －ing convince→convincing令人信服的 access→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的 －ible horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 effect→effective有效的；生效的 －ive instruct→instructive有教育意义的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 －ous curiosity→curious好奇的 tire→tiresome令人厌倦的 －some trouble→troublesome麻烦的 taste→tasty美味的；可口的 －y wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的 east→eastern东方的；向东的 －ern west→western西方的；向西的 fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的 －ish self→selfish自私的 science→scientific科学的 －ic history→historic历史上著名的 －ary 6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前缀 dis－ comfort→discomfort不舒适 legal→illegal不合法的 il－ logical→illogical不合逻辑的 patient→impatient不耐烦的 im－ moral→immoral不道德的 in－ formal→informal非正式的 例词 advantage→disadvantage缺点 imagine→imaginary想象中的 convenient→inconvenient不方便的 regular→irregular不规则的 ir－ responsible→irresponsible不负责任的 lead→mislead误导 mis－ understand→misunderstand误解 willing→unwilling不愿意的 un－ happy→unhappy不高兴的 后缀 －less care→careless粗心的 7.变动词的前缀和后缀
前缀 en－ rich→enrich使充实；使丰富 后缀 －en hard→harden使变硬 class→classify把……分类 －ify beauty→beautify美化 apology→apologize道歉 －ize emphasis→emphasize强调 构词法二 转化法 不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
walk→take a walk散步 动词→名词 swim→have a swim游泳 book n.→v.预订 名词→动词 milk n.→v.挤奶 slow adj.→v.减慢 形容词→动词 narrow adj.→v.使变窄；(差距等)缩小 例词 broad→broaden使变宽 例词 large→enlarge扩大 例词 hope→hopeless绝望的 hard adj.困难的↔adv.努力地 high adj.高的↔adv.高 形容词↔副词 deep adj.深的↔adv.深 wide adj.宽的↔adv.广阔地 构词法三 合成法 英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。 1.合成名词
构成方式 名词＋名词 名词＋动词 名词＋动名词 名词＋及物动词＋er／or 名词＋介词＋名词 代词＋名词 动词＋名词 动名词＋名词 现在分词＋名词 形容词＋名词 副词＋动词 介词＋名词 2.合成形容词
构成方式 名词＋形容词 名词＋现在分词 名词＋to＋名词 名词＋过去分词 数词＋名词 数词＋名词＋形容词 bloodred血红的 French-speaking讲法语的 one-to-one一对一的 man-made人造的 one-way单行道的 three-year-old三岁的 例词 weekend周末 daybreak黎明 handwriting书法 pain-killer止痛药 sister-in-law嫂子 she-wolf母狼，he-goat typewriter打字机 reading-room阅览室 flying-fish飞鱼 freshman大一新生 outlook景色，风光 afterbrain后脑 例词 数词＋名词＋ed 动词＋副词 形容词＋名词 形容词＋名词＋ed 形容词＋形容词 形容词＋现在分词 副词＋形容词 副词＋现在分词 副词＋过去分词 副词＋名词 介词＋名词 3.合成动词
构成方式 名词＋动词 形容词＋动词 副词＋动词 4.合成副词
构成方式 形容词＋名词 形容词＋副词 副词＋副词 介词＋名词 介词＋副词 5.合成代词
构成方式 代词宾格＋self 物主代词＋self 形容词＋名词
ten-storeyed十层的 one-off 一次性的 high-quality高质量的 noble-minded高尚的 light-green浅绿色的 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 ever-green常青的 hard-working辛勤的 well-known著名的 fast-food提供快餐的 indoor室内的 例词 sleep-walk梦游 white-wash粉刷 overwhelm压倒，制服 例词 hotfoot匆忙地 everywhere到处 however尽管如此 beforehand事先 forever永远 例词 herself 她自己，themselves myself 我自己 anything 一切
题组一 基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The customer thought for a moment，but didn’t respond because he didn’t want to start an ________ (argue).
2.You can ________ (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.
3.Some think that studying abroad can ________ (broad) their horizons.
4.That little act of ________ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good—but it made me feel the best of all!
5.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me. I had no other ________ (choose)，though.
6.So ________ (excite) was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it. 7.Luckily，she was not badly ________ (injure) and we sent her to the nearest hospital. 8.A man ________ (immediate) rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.
9.They made his restaurant a very popular place. Today，potato chips are one of Americans’ ________ (favor) foods!
10.You see，there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops，so I could always find someone ________ (interest) to talk with. Ⅱ.单句改错
1.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 2.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.
3.Interesting，it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器)industry.
4.In some places you may borrow as more books as you need，but in others you are limited to a certain number of books.
5.We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining hardly.
6.The Emperor opened his eyes widely but still saw nothing. 7.I am awfully tiring，but I know I’ll never fall sleep. 8.I found the test difficult，but I tried hardly to do it.
9.Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently. 10.I remember my grandfather very much. 题组二 能力提升 Ⅰ.语篇填空
The speech seemed to be __1__(stop) and the listeners became very __2__(patient). When the __3__(speak) said that oil was non－renewable and that the best way to__4__(solution) the problem was not to make cars and buses but to force people to go to work or school on foot，the audience thought it was __5__(practice) and __6__(bear) to listen to him any longer. They
__7__(believe)
that
the
world
would
go__8__(smooth)
without
these
modern__9__(transport). They also thought that the speaker was __10__(responsible) to make such a __11__(state)without thinking it __12__(careful) and his speech would cause some __13__(understand). So most of the__14__(listen)chose to leave，shouting loudly and__15__(angry). Ⅱ.语法填空
There’s a science to setting goals. Below，we share some research－backed tips to help you carry out successful goals.
Choose a goal that matters，not just easy win.
A meaningful goal—__1__that truly inspires you to change—requires going deeper. Think about what you want in the coming year，then ask yourself __2__ you want that. For example，if you walk to quit __3__ (smoke)，ask why do you want to quit? Then，if you want to quit for your health ask why do you want good health? Then，if your answer is to be alive long enough __4__ (meet)your grandchildren，ask why do you want to meet your grandchildren?
Set up your goals positively.
How you describe your goal makes __5__ big difference. Focusing on __6__ you want to＂bring into your life —not what you want to avoid—will make you more likely to __7__ (actual)pursue it.
Prepare for failure(in a good way).
Moments of failure __8__ (be)unavoidable，but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up.At the moment when you fail，often the first instinct(本能)is to push the goal away. It’s so __9__(comfort)to be in that condition of self－doubt or self－criticism and guilt.
Your task is not to avoid failures，__10__ to plan for them. Ask yourself，how am I likely to fail? For example，if you’re likely to choose unhealthy meals when you’re hungry，carry a light snack with you. 题组三 体验真题
1.(2017·新课标I卷改编)Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be_________( heartbreak).
2. (2017·新课标I卷改编)The homeowner was very _________(help). A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and_________( comfort). I placed the chick in the nest, and it _________(quick) calmed down.
3. (2017·新课标I卷改编)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed_________( heart).
4. (2017·新课标I卷改编)While high school does not _________(general) encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that _________(explore). 5. (2017·新课标II卷改编)The _________(friend) that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age _________(differ), we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.
题组一 基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.argument 6.excited Ⅱ.单句改错
1.wonderfully→wonderful
4.more→many
6.widely→wide
7.tiring→tired
2.helpfully→helpful
3.Interesting→Interestingly
2.enlarge
3.broaden
4.kindness
5.choice 10.interesting
7.injured 8.immediately 9.favorite
5.hardly→hard
8.hardly→hard
10.much→well/clearly
9.impatiently→impatient 题组二 能力提升 Ⅰ.语篇填空 1.nonstop
2.impatient 3.speaker 4.solve
5.impractical
9.transportations
6.unbearable 7.disbelieved 8.smoothly 10.irresponsible 11.statement
15.angrily
12.carefully
13.misunderstandings 14.listeners
Ⅱ.语法填空
6.what 宾语从句，从句中bring缺少宾语，故用what。 7.actually 修饰动词用副词。
8.are 主语是Moments of，故用复数are。
9.uncomfortable 它是如此不舒服的状况，自我怀疑、自我批评和愧疚。 10.but 你的任务不是为了避免失败，而是做好计划。 题组三 体验真题 1. heartbreaking
2. helpful; comfortable; quickly 3. heartily
4. generally; exploration 5. friendship; difference
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