there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，
并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soonA）there to be a chance B）there being a chance C）there be a chance D）being a chance 动词dream of being a chance又如：
No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following dayA）there be该题的答案为
B）there would be C
）there was
D）。介词about 后要求跟
V-ing 分词结构作宾语，
．
there being
（a lecture）意为\"有（一个讲
D）there being
再如：
．
V-ing 分词结构作，而不能用there be
there 句型的
for there to be
该题的答案为
B）。
of后要求跟
V-ing 分词结构作宾语，
there
所以不是答案选项，而D）项being
要求跟
V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词
．
意为\"有一个机会\"；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，
a chance 虽然是V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能雪
座）\"，而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪join in by clapping该句子中出现了
It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who
，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical soundfor there to be
的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟但是，实际上此结构没有错，
此处只能够用
there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将
宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；
being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。例如：
There must be something wrong here
．
There might still be some vacant seats in the rear
几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。
．
．
，happen to be
，seem（to be），occur等代替，用来
．
．
，the relative length of day and night
．
．
live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示\"
，
There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking二、there be句型中的谓语动词描写事物。例如：
There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared forThere happened to be nobody in the roomThere doesn
．
’t seem to be much hope of our beating that team
be被be likely to be
There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscapeThere have occurred many great changes since we met last三、there be 句型中的谓语动词静止、存在、有\"。例如：
There lives a family of five in the villageThere remains nothing more to be doneThere stands the Monument to the PeopleThere exist different opinions on this question四、there be 句型中的谓语动词
enter，follow, 等，用来表示\"突然出现\"。例如：There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet
．
．．
be被一些不及物动词代替，如
and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are
’s Heroes at the center of the Tian
．
’anmen Square．
be被一些不及物动词代替，如come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，
There came a company of actors and actressesThere followed a spirited discussion after class在\"（for）there to be 1．\"there to be
．．
＋宾格词\"结构，表示\"有\"或\"存在（某种情况）
\"，
五、there be句型中be用不定式，形成\"（for）there to be
＋宾格词\"在句中作宾语。例如：
＋宾格词\"的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。
．
m ore review- ing classes
作
\"to be\"的形式，因为这种不定
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams
\"there to be
\"there to be\"People don
式结构是从\"there be\"
＋宾格词\"结构在句中作动词结构转化而来的。又如：
．．
expect的宾语，句中的宾格词
there后的不定式只能用
不定式结构的逻辑主语。
特别应该注意的是
’t want there to be anotherwar
Members like there to be plenty of choiceend to the big citiesjoin in by clapping
\"there to be
作\"there to be\"2．\"for there to be
．
Perhaps transportation and the means of comm unication have really made it possible for there to be an It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who
，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound＋宾格词\"结构在句中作介词
for的宾语，句中的宾格词
．
an ensemble of expert musicians
不定式结构的逻辑主语。
＋宾格词\"在句中作状语。例如：
，so I can leave Jim
’s car out quite safely
．（\"for there
It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonightto be ＋宾格词\"作结果状语）特别应该注意的是，又如：
For there to be successful communicationdiscussing itself by all present3．\"there to be
They planned for there to be another meeting
＋宾格词\"在句中作主语。例如：
\"for there to be
＋宾格词\"在句中作状语时必须用介词for引出there be 后面的宾格词。
，there must be attentiveness and involvement in the
＋宾格词\"作目的状语）．（\"for there to be
＋宾格词\"作目的状语）
．（\"for there to be
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company
\"for there to be
＋宾格词\"在句中作主语时必须用介词
．
．
It is impossible for there to be any more apples
For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual况）\"，在\"（of）there be- ing 1．\"there being （\"there being being\"V-ing
．特别应该注意的是，
for引出there be后面的宾格词。又如：
六、there be句型中be用V －ing分词，形成\"（of）there being
＋宾格词\"的结构中，主语是宾格词。
＋宾格词\"在句中作宾语。例如：
＋宾格词\"结构，表示\"有\"或\"存在（某种情
Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talent
＋宾格词\"作宾语）
＋宾格词\"结构在句中作介词
of的宾语，句中的宾格词
so m any work u- nits
\"there being
’s meeting？
作\"there
分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如：
．John was relying on
．
，she went back to her bedroom
．（\"there being no cause
＋宾格词\"作原因状语）
分词短语结
No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lakethere being another opportunity2．\"there being
There being no cause for alarm
\"there being
构的逻辑主语。又如：
There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director
＋宾格词\"在句中作状语。例如：
＋宾格词\"结构在句中作状语，句中的宾格词
作\"there being\" V-ing
，the department asked him to
resign．（\"there being ＋宾格词\"作原因状语）
，they have to go back home
．（\"there being
＋宾格词\"作原因状语）
＋宾格词\"作原因状语）
，the chairm an closed the meeting
．（\"there being
There being nothing to be doneThere being no further business3．\"there being ＋宾格词\"在句中作主
语。例如：
There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage
．
\"there being ＋宾格词\"结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词
a bus stop
作\"there being\" V-ing
分词短语结构的
逻辑主语。
七、there be 句型中
be 用be ＋V-ed 分词，形成\"there be
＋V-ed分词＋宾格词\"结构，表示\"有\"或\"存在
（某种情况）\"，在\"there be ＋V-ed 分词＋宾格词\"的结构中，主语是宾格词。例如：
There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard．
There are now published millions of books every year in China．
There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai．
八、\"there be no
＋主语名词\"的习惯用法。
1．V-ing分词在\"there be no\"
结构中作主语，表示
\"不可能\"、\"无法\"。例如：
There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country．
There is no joking about such matters．
There is no telling what will happen to him next
．
2．there is no point ＋V-ing分词，表示\"没有必要\"，\"无用\"，\"没有意义\"，\"没有用处\"。例如：
We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club
，but thereis no point worrying about
it．
3．there is no use ＋V-ing分词，表示\"无用\"，\"没有意义\"，\"没有用处\"。例如：
There is no use advising him to give up smoking．
4．there is no good ＋V-ing分词，表示\"无用\"，\"没有意义\"，\"没有用处\"，\"没有益处\"。例如：There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool
．
九、在由\"there be ＋主语名词\"引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。
1．在由\"there be ＋主语名词\"引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例
如：
There is no time to lose
／to be lost．
There are still many things to take care of ／to be taken care of
．在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种
形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较：There is nothing to do now．（We have nothing to do now
．）There is nothing to be done now．（We can do nothing now
．）
There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing
）．There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all）．
2．在由\"there be ＋主语名词\"引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
例如：
There were 200children studying（＝who were studying
）m usic，dancing，or dram atics
．
Is there anything planned
（＝that has been planned）for tonight
？
There be结构在英语中是一种常见的倒装结构，它的最一般的形式为：there后接动词be的各种时态，然后是主语，
再后常有附加短语表达时间或地点，其中there是引导词，没有实在意义，常弱读为
[TE]。但在学习和实践中，经
常会遇到此结构的一些特例，应该予以特别注意。
1.含有情态动词的
there be结构
多数情态动词，如：
can, may, must, should, ought to, used to等都可以用于there be结构，并且在此结构中分别
保留其原有的情态意义。例如：
(1).There should have been someone on duty all the time.本来，每时每刻都应有人值班的。
(2). There used to be a small pine wood near where I live.在我的住所附近曾经有一片小松林。
(3).Theremust be something wrong with the machine.这机器一定是有故障了。2.含有半助动词的
there be结构
并且用法较为固定，常用在引导词
there之后，be之前。这些半助动词有：appear
半助动词本身有一定的含义，
to, happen to, chance to, seem to, tend to, prove to, turn out to, be about to, be sure to, be certain to, be likely to等。例如：(4). There dosen'tseem to have been any difficulty over the money question.似乎不存在经济上的问题。
(5).There's sure to be a well somewhere nearby.附近肯定有一口井。
(6). There's likely to be a large audience in the theatre.剧院里可能有大量的观众。
3. There be结构中的be用其他动词来代替
为了表达生动，在正式文体或文学作品中，可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替动词常这样用的动词有：
live, lie, stand, remain, exist, occur, arise, rise, follow, come, enter, reach等。
(7). Thereexist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean.在地中海沿岸地带，有许多这样的古庙。
(8). Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution.此后不久，突然爆发了一场革命。
(9). Suddenly there entereda strange figure dressed all in black.突然进来一个浑身穿黑的陌生人。
注意：have一词虽与 there be说法是不可取的：4.带有从句的
there be结构
还可以跟一个同位语从句。
这个结构也可以带有一个
结构在意义上有类似之处，但
have不能用来代替本结构中的
be，因此这个
*There's going to have a meeting next week.
be。
There be结构的主语后通常可以有一个定语从句来限制，状语从句，状语从句的位置可前可后。
(10). There is nothing that does not contain contradiction.没有不包含矛盾的事物。（定语从句）
(11). There came the news that the President had been assassinated.传来消息说总统被暗杀了。（同位语从句）
(12). There ought to be some instructions on the lid, if I'm not mistaken.如果我没搞错的话，盖子上应该有说明的。如果罪犯往这边来过，那就会有脚印的。5.用在从句中的
there be结构
（后置状语从句）（前置状语从句）
(13).If the criminal had come this way,there would have been footprints.
There be结构用在从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和同位语等。例如：(14). It is reported that there are a number of wounded on both sides.据报道，双方都有一些伤情。
（主语从句）
（宾语从句）
(15). They said there were quite a number of very valuable jewels stolen.他们说有许多价值连城的珠宝被盗。
(16). Such wind as there was came up the river.
当时起的这种风沿江刮了上来。有志者，事竞成。（状语从句）
（定语从句）
(17). Where there is a will, there is a way.
(18). The problem is that there's too much difficulty in fulfilling the task.问题是要完成这个任务困难太大。
（表语从句）
（同位语从句）
be变成了助动词，过去分词与其后
(19). The factthat there occurred another accident surprised us all.又出了一起事故，这个事实使我们大家都很吃惊。6. There be的被动语态形式
There be结构可以用被动语态形式来表达，这时表示“存在”的实意动词的主语有被动的主谓关系。例如：
(20). There arenowpublishedmillions of books every year in China.现在中国每年出版上百万册书。
(21). In the distance there was heardagain the lowing of the cattle.远处又传来牛群的哞哞声。
(22). There are said to have been discovered on the very spot the remains of an ancient civilization.据说正是在这个地点发现了古代文明的遗址。7.主语表示特指的
there be结构
但要求特别提及某人或某事物的存在时，
可
There be结构中的主语一般用名词或不定代词表示不确定的事物。(23). Then there's Mrs. Green——she must be invited to the wedding.还有格林太太——必须邀请她参加婚礼。
（专有名词）
（人称代词）
（由定冠词修饰）
(24). There were onlywe twoleft to continue the fierce fight against the enemy.只剩下我们两人继续同敌人进行激烈的战斗。
(25). Many young people are taking radio courses in English. There isthe boynext door, for example.许多年轻人在学广播英语课程，例如隔壁的那个男孩。我老了，并且只有我儿子为我送葬了。8. There be的不定式形式
和其他谓语动词一样，语等。例如：
(27). For there to be a mistake in a computer's arithmetic is impossible.电脑的计算是不可能出现错误的。那天没有迟到者，这是异乎寻常的。我希望花园里有个游泳池。（宾语）
(30). The secretary arranged for there to be another interview.秘书又安排了一次面谈。（介宾）
(31). It was too late for there to be any buses.太晚了，不会有公共汽车了。
（状语）
引导，例如：例（
27）和（28）；作介词宾语时只能作
for的宾语，
注意：there to be作主语时通常有 for而不能作其他介词的宾语，见例（30）。9. There be的动名词结构
其动名词结构形式为：
there being，在句中可以作主语和宾语。例如：
（主语）（主语）
(28). It was unusual for there to beno late comers that day.(29). I'd like there to bea swimming pool in the garden.
there be结构可以有自己的不定式形式——
there to be，在句子中可以作主语、宾语和状
(26). I am old and there is onlymy son to take my body to the grave.
（由物主代词修饰）
表示特指。这时的主语可以是专有名词、人称代词，也可以由定冠词和物主代词来修饰名词。例如：
(32). There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.有一个车站离这所房子很近，这是一大优势。由于浪费了那么多时间，我们很生气。10. There be的分词形式
There be一般只有现在分词形式，并可以分为一般式和完成式。
其一般式为：there being，完成式为：there having
（主语）
(33). We were annoyed atthere being so much time wasted.
（宾语）
been，在句中可用作状语。
(34).There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事情可做，我们就回家了。
(35).There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was burnt black by the sun.由于好长时间没下雨了，地面都要被太阳烤焦了。11. There be结构的进一步倒装
There be结构本身属于一种倒装结构，因为它后面的名词短语为主语。但有时为了句子结构的需要，或者为了强调可以进一步倒装，这时
be提到了引导词
there之前，there好象成了be的主语。例如：
(36). Are thereany books in the other room?另一个房间里有书吗？（疑问结构的需要）
(37). Not a single soul was there to show us the way.没有一个人给我们指路。（强调的需要）12.省略引导词there的there be结构
在口语中，地点状语提到句首或表示推测语气时，可以省略引导词there，仍然表示存在。例如：
(38). Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles, turkeys and toys.
货品中有圣诞树、花卉、蜡烛、火鸡和玩具。（状语提前，are前省略there）
(39). Won't be anybody there now.那儿现在不会有人。（推测，句首省略There）
(40). Must be someone at the door.
门口那里一定有什么人。（推测，句首省略There）13.省略there be的存在句
在口语中或针对
there be疑问结构的简短答语中可以省略
there be，例如：
(41). AnythingI can do for you?我能为您效劳吗？（句首省略了
Is there）
(42).----- How many foreign students are there in your class?-----Five.（Five前省略了There are）甲：你们班有多少外国学生？乙：五个。
14.省略主语的there be结构
对there be结构一般疑问句的简短回答，可以省略主语。(43).----- Are there any chairs in the room?-----No, there aren't.（句尾省略了主语）甲：房间里有椅子吗？乙：没有。
(44).----- Is there an artificial hill in the park?-----Yes,there is.（句尾省略了主语）甲：公园里有一座人造小山吗？乙：有。
15.There be结构在主谓一致中的特例
There be结构中动词be的数通常与其后作为主语的名词或代词一致。但也有例外：当本结构后的名词短语是一系列的事物，并且第一个事物是单数可数名词时，那么动词可以根据邻近原则而用单数形式；有时人们先说出there is (was)，然后才想到要用名词复数，这样会产生主谓不一致情况，这种情况在口语中允许出现。例如：(45).There isa textbook, a dictionary and some notebooks.书桌上有一本教科书、一本字典和几本笔记。登记等候的有数百人。（口语表达）
16.“There be + no (not any) +动名词”结构
此结构是一种特殊意义的否定结构，表示不可能性。(47). There is no saying how long the rain is going to last.说不准这场雨要下多久。
(48). There isn't any mistakinghis intentions this time.这次是不可能误会他的意思的。There be 结构是一常见的表示
“存在”的句型，但是，该结构不表示
“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，
它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。其惯用结构一般有以下三种：一、There is + no + Noun + in doing something 1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词，如：There is no good in going. There is no harm in doing that. There is no use in doing it.
去没有什么好处。
那样做并无害处。干此事毫无用处。
（邻近原则）
(46).There's hundreds of people on the waiting list.
2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词，如：There is no sense in waiting here. There is no point in doing so. There is no disgrace in failing once. （注：此结构中的介词可以省略，如：二、There is + no + doing something
1.其中的动词（do）多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：tell, say, knowwhat等。
There is no saying what may happen.
很难说会发生什么事。
等，其后一般跟疑问句，
如when，
在这里等候下去毫无意义。这样做毫无意义。
一旦失败也不丢脸。There is no use asking her
—she doesn’t know anything.
）
There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。
2.其他动词，其意义相当灵活。
There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。
There is no denying the fact.
事实无可否认。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。
There is no getting along with him.
他很难相处。
Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子，就说个没完。
There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。
三、There is + no + Action Noun 此结构的含义相当于
It’s impossible /unnecessary to do something
。如：
There is no hurry about it.
没有必要这么急匆匆的。
There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。
有时，在此结构中的
Action Noun
被动名词形式所取代，其意义不变。试比较：
There is no escape from the evident. There is no escaping the fact. 两句都表示：无法逃（躲）避
……
但是，有时也存在意义上的区别，试比较：a. There is no doubt at all about it. b. There is no doubting her virtue.
句a为“存在句”，意即：对于此事不存在任何的疑问。
句b则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构，意即：她的贞操勿庸置疑。
以上三种结构除用于陈述句外，尚可见于疑问句。如：Is there any use in discussing the matter further? Is there any hurry about it? 此惯用结构中的
这事需要匆忙吗？
这种事再讨论下去有何益处？
be有时可与情态动词连用，其语气更趋委婉。如：
他从哪里来是相当清楚的。
There could be no mistaking where he had come from. 此结构中的
no也不是一成不变的，它可被其他形式所取代。如：
There isn’t any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。
他的话连一半也不信。
无法料及他们下一步将会干什么
There was never believing half of what he said. There’s never any predicting what they will do next. 1. there be +主语
There are many people in the park.There will be a football match next week.
In the last few years there have been great changes in computers.2. there + vi.(
主语) (+ 状语)
lie; live; stand; remain; exist
等
存在句式中常用的动词有：1) 表示状态的谓语动词：
There lies a railway in front of the village.
There existed all kinds of flowers and trees in the garden.There remains nothing more to be done.2) 表示发生或到达等意义的动词：There comes a red car!
There runs a river in the distance.
远处有一条河。
走进来一位妇女求救。
上个月我家乡发了一场大水。
Suddenly there entered a woman asking for help.There occurred a flood in my home town last month.There took place a five-day strike.3. There is +主语+ doing
There are very few people living there.There is a car waiting outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.4. There is +
主语+ done
房间里有个人被杀。
There were no trees left in or around the village.There is a man killed in the room.There is a boy knocked down by a bus.5. There is +
主语+ to do
表即将发生的动作
]
有许多问题需要解决。
There is nothing to worry about.[
没有什么别的事情可做了。
等
come; go; rush; rise; occur; follow; enter
举行了一次五天的罢工。
There are many problems to solve/to be solved.
有人为：
There is nothing to be done.含有：已无事可做
(无从效力)
There is nothing to do.
含有：无值得做的事情
There are a lot of materials for us to read.
There are still a lot of reasons for him to be punished.6. There is no doubt/question that------毫无疑问……。
There is no question of doing sth. 1.……是毫无疑问的。2.……是不可能的。
There is no question that it is true.
There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.7. There is no doing sth. = it is impossible to sth.不可能……；无法……；没有办法……
There is no joking about it.
这事开不得玩笑。
There is no telling what will happen.无法预料会发生什么。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
历史车轮不可阻挡。
8. There is no point in doing sth. ……是没有意义的[sense没有理由/没有好处；use/good
没有好处；harm
没有害处；hurry]
There is no point in arguing with him further.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
There is no harm in (sb’s) doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
9. there + vi. + to be
结构：常见动词：
happen, seem, continue, appear等
There seems to be no doubt about it.此事似乎没有什么怀疑的。
There happened to be nobody in the room.
There happened to be two doctors on the train.碰巧车上有两位医生。
There used to be a factory here before liberation.There continued to be cold weather these days.He said there was going to be a concert that evening.10. There is done to be---- [said据说有expected
预计有；believed据信有；thought/considered据认为有；
intended; found; meant
等]
There is said to be---=it is said that there is ---There is/are believed to be a number of wounded on both sides.=It is believed that there are a number of wounded on both sides.
据说双方都有不少伤员。
There is expected to be an exciting film next week.预计下周有一部精彩的电影。There is not meant to be any unpleasantness.不是有意要引起不愉快。11. there be + adj. + to be 结构：常见形容词：
likely,certain,sure ,due, bound,apt
There is certain to be trouble at the factory.=It is certain that there
’ll be trouble at the factory.
肯定工厂要
出麻烦事。
There is sure to be some rain tonight.There is due to be a change in the weather.预计天气会有变化。
12. there to be 作某些及物动词的宾语：
prefer, ask, hate, like, mean, want,expect, intend, consider, deny
等。
I expected there to be more discussion.[宾语]我期待会有根多的讨论。
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我不需要任何误解。
I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.
我倒不希望不讨论我个人的私事。
They planned for there to be a family party.他们计划举行个家庭聚会。
13. for there to be
作主语
It is impossible for there to be nay more
。[主语]不可能再有了。
For there to be no late comers was unusual.=it was unusual for there to be no late comers.这是不常有的事。
It isn’t cold enough for there to be a fact tonight, so I can leave Jim14. for there to be15. there(not) being件。
16. there being+
名词短语作宾语：
可做的事那么少,他感到失望。他问到过另一次会议的情况。
约翰指望还另有一次机会。
He was disappointed at there being so little to do.He asked about there being another meeting. John was relying on there being another opportunity.17. there being
分词结构充当独立结构
一直没有下雨,土地干旱。
由于附近没旁人
,我只得独自干了。
作结果状语
太晚了,不会有出租车了。
作主语：
It was too late for there to be any taxis.
’s car out quite safely.
没有人迟到,
There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.公共汽车站离家那样近是一个很有利的条
There being nobody around, he stole the book.[there being--=because there was---]There having been no rain, the ground was dry.There being nobody at hand, I had to do it by myself.18. there has to be
一定,必须
一定出现麻烦了。
There has to be some trouble. There has to be some reason.19. There is no need to do sth.There is no need for (doing) sth.There is no need for you to go to town.20. 与情态动词连用：
; can be; could be; may be; might be; will be; would be; should be; ought to be;
There must be a lot of picture-books in the room.There can be only one answer to this question.There might still be some bread for you.it 与there be的用法I．要点1、it的用法
（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到的无生命的事物，动植物、婴儿及指示代词I have a new pen. It is beautiful. The Browns have a new baby. It's cute. （2）用来表示时间、天气、距离等，如，It's fine today.
（3）用作引导词，代替由不定式，It's no good telling him that. It's necessary for you to do so. （4）用在强调结构中，构成强调句式：外的句子其他成分，如，
It was this morning that I saw him in the street. It was I who saw him in the street this morning. It was in the street that I saw him this morning. It was him whom I saw in the street this morning. 2、there be句型
It is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分，可强调除谓语以ing形式或从句表示的真正的主语或宾语，如，
It's twelve o'clock now.
this, that，如，
可能还有些面包给你吃。
英语表示某时某处或某物时，常用there be句型，这是一种倒装结构，如，
There are a lot of students playing on the ground. There is going to be a test this afternoon. 当主语有两个或两个以上时，动词
be常和最近的那个主语取得一致，如，
There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box. There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room. There are lots of people like it, aren't there?
there be句型，谓语动词除be之外，还可用其他表示存在，lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等，如，There stands a house at the foot of the hill.
there be句型表示\"存在\"而have表\"有\"、\"拥有\"，所以there be中be不能换成have，但当have表示事物的特征时，可用\"主语+have\"结构替换there be 句型，如：There are five doors in the house. The house has five doors. there be 的其它句型：
1、There must be a meeting in the office. 2、There have been great changes since 1979. 3、There being no bus, we had to walk home. I．例题
例１____ that he went to sleep.
A It was until midnight B That was until midnight C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight 解析：该题答案为
C。强调until结构时，要将否定词
not移到until前。又如：He didn't leave until twelve 改为
It was not until twelve that he left.
例２There are a lot of students ____ in the class room. A talk B talking C talked D to talk 解析：该题正确答案为1.定义：There be(2) There are +there
B。There be句型为倒装句，可换为
A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如：
There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.
句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.
be要与
复数名词+地点状语.
谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
2.结构：(1) There is +
位置移动等意义的不及物动词或词组，
如exist, stand,
是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词
树上有一只鸟。
主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，eg.①There is a bird in the tree.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③There are two boys and a girl under the tree.3. There be(1) There beThere be
句型与have句型和have
的区别：
都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：
”；have
②There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.
树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
表示“某处存在某物或某人表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。eg.
①He has two sons.(2)当have
他有两个儿子。
办公室里有两个男人。
句型与其可互换。
②There are two men in the office.
表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be
eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。变脸一：否定句There be句型的否定式的构成和含有
be动词的其它句型一样，在
be后加上not
或no即可。
注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n.
相当于no+ n.
。
例如：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. →There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. 变脸二：一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，但同时要注意：当肯定句
中有some
时，要将其改为
any（否定变化也一样）。
There is some water on Mars. →Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water? 变脸三：特殊疑问句There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
①
对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\\\"Who\\'s+
介词短语?\\\"；当主语是物时，用
\\\"What\\'s +
介词短语?\\\"注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，
对之提问时一般都用
be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定
如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ②
对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用\"Where is / are+
主语?
例如：
There is a computer on the desk. →Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③
对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？How much+
不可数名词+is there+
介词短语？
There be
句型专练
一.根据所给汉语完成句子。1.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
。
)。
2.钱包里有些钱。
There ____ some money in the picture. 3.在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4.里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it? 5.我们学校有许多班。
There _____ many _____ in our school. 6.树上没有鸟。
There _____ ______ birds in the tree.二.选择填空：
1. Are there any maps on the wall? ___
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is. C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are. 2. How many ____ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk 3. There aren
’t ___ trees near the house. There is only one.
A. any B. some C. many D. much
4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
5. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are .
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
三.句型转换：
1. There is a woman near the house.（变复数）2. There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）3. There are some apples in the tree.（变一般问句）
4. There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）
5. Is there a baby in the room?（变复数）
6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (
就划线部分提问)
___ ___ in the garden?
7. There is a bookcase in my study.（变一般问句）_____ _____ _____ _____ in your study?
8. There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor.(就划线部分提问_____ ____ on the floor?
9. My new dress is in the wardrobe. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _______ your new dress?
10. There are some big trees behind my house. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ______ big trees?四.there be
与have
区别专练。
1. This desk _____ four legs. 2. ______ some books on the desk. 3. Everyone ______ a dictionary in my class. 4. _______ (
没有) knives in the room.
5. I _____ a new sweater.
6. ______ some flowers and a desk in the room.
)
7. ______ nothing in the bag. 8. They ______ something to eat.
Key:一1.is
2.is 3. There are
4.Is there
5.are classes 6.are no
二1.d 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.b
三1.There are some women near the house .
2.There is a bus near the hill.
3. Are there any apples in the tree?4.There aren't any oranges in the glass.
5. Are there any
babies
in the room?
6. What is
7.Is there is a bookcase8. What is 9. Where is 10.Where are any
四1.has
2.There are 3.has
4.There aren't any /There are no 5.have 6. There are 7.There is
8. have
常考及易错there be 句型练习题
1 There _____ a lot of meat on the plate.
a is
b are
c am
d be
2 There_____ a talk on science next week.
a will have b is gonging to be c are going to be d is going to have
3 There ____ lots of student there.
a seemed b seemed to be c be d
seems
4 There____ a few great changes since you left.a have been b been
c are
d
can be
5 There ____any rain for 2 months.
a have been b haven't been c has been not d hasn't been
6 ______ there any sheep on the hill?a Is
b
Are
c May d Must7 The building ____ten floors.
a there is b there are c have
d has
8 There _____ a pair of jeans on the bed.a be b is c are
d
am9 There ____ nothing in the box.
a is b are c have d has
10 There ___a bottle of juice and some fruit in the fridge.
a is
b
are
c
be
11 There ___ two pairs and an apple on the table.
a is
b are
b
c are b
bec
isn't
d
aren't
c Does,have
d Do,have
12 There ____any desks or chairs in the room.
a is a A are B is C
is D are a fly
b
13 ___the chair ____four legs?
Is,there
Are,there of
applesof appleof c b
apple
d
flewc are Will
they
14 There________under the tree.
a basket a
basket a basket a basket flies
of apples
15 There are many children ____kites in the park.
flying aren't there
d
16 There aren't any pens in the bag,________?
a are there a Is a is
b
Are
17 _____there any news the front?
c Were c has c will be
c has
18 There____some water in the glass.
b are b are
19 This pair of glasses ____mine.
a is a a is 答案：1----5 abbad
6---10
bdbaa
11----15 bdcac 16----21 aaaaba
is
20 There ___two cups of tea on the table.
b are
21 There _____a table with three legs in my room.
b are
c have d has
1.定义：There be(2) There are +there
句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.
be要与
复数名词+地点状语.
谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
2.结构：(1) There is +
是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词
树上有一只鸟。
主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，eg.①There is a bird in the tree.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③There are two boys and a girl under the tree.3. There be(1) There beThere be
句型与have句型和have
的区别：
都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：
”；have
②There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.
树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
表示“某处存在某物或某人表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。eg.
①He has two sons.(2)当have
他有两个儿子。
办公室里有两个男人。
句型与其可互换。
②There are two men in the office.
表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be
eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。变脸一：否定句There be句型的否定式的构成和含有
be动词的其它句型一样，在
be后加上not
或no即可。
注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n.
相当于no+ n.
。
例如：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. →There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. 变脸二：一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，但同时要注意：当肯定句
中有some
时，要将其改为
any（否定变化也一样）。
There is some water on Mars. →Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water? 变脸三：特殊疑问句There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
①
对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\\\"Who\\'s+
介词短语?\\\"；当主语是物时，用
\\\"What\\'s +
介词短语?\\\"注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，
对之提问时一般都用
be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定
如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ②
对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用\"Where is / are+
主语?
例如：
There is a computer on the desk. →Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③
对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？How much+
不可数名词+is there+
介词短语？
There be
句型专练
一.根据所给汉语完成句子。1.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
。
)。
2.钱包里有些钱。
There ____ some money in the picture. 3.在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4.里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it? 5.我们学校有许多班。
There _____ many _____ in our school. 6.树上没有鸟。
There _____ ______ birds in the tree.二.选择填空：
1. Are there any maps on the wall? ___
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is. C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are. 2. How many ____ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk 3. There aren
’t ___ trees near the house. There is only one.
A. any B. some C. many D. much
4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
5. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are .
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
三.句型转换：
1. There is a woman near the house.（变复数）2. There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）3. There are some apples in the tree.（变一般问句）
4. There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）
5. Is there a baby in the room?（变复数）
6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (
就划线部分提问)
___ ___ in the garden?
7. There is a bookcase in my study.（变一般问句）_____ _____ _____ _____ in your study?
8. There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor.(就划线部分提问_____ ____ on the floor?
9. My new dress is in the wardrobe. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _______ your new dress?
10. There are some big trees behind my house. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ______ big trees?四.there be
与have
区别专练。
1. This desk _____ four legs. 2. ______ some books on the desk. 3. Everyone ______ a dictionary in my class. 4. _______ (
没有) knives in the room.
5. I _____ a new sweater.
6. ______ some flowers and a desk in the room.
)
7. ______ nothing in the bag. 8. They ______ something to eat.
Key:一1.is
2.is 3. There are
4.Is there
5.are classes 6.are no
二1.d 2.b 3.a 4.d 5.b
三1.There are some women near the house .
2.There is a bus near the hill.
3. Are there any apples in the tree?4.There aren't any oranges in the glass.
5. Are there any
babies
in the room?
6. What is
7.Is there is a bookcase8. What is 9. Where is 10.Where are any
四1.has
2.There are 3.has
4.There aren't any /There are no 5.have 6. There are 7.There is
8. have
常考及易错there be 句型练习题
1 There _____ a lot of meat on the plate.
a is
b are
c am
d be
2 There_____ a talk on science next week.
a will have b is gonging to be c are going to be d is going to have
3 There ____ lots of student there.
a seemed b seemed to be c be d
seems
4 There____ a few great changes since you left.a have been b been
c are
d
can be
5 There ____any rain for 2 months.
a have been b haven't been c has been not d hasn't been
6 ______ there any sheep on the hill?a Is
b
Are
c May d Must7 The building ____ten floors.
a there is b there are c have
d has
8 There _____ a pair of jeans on the bed.a be b is c are
d
am9 There ____ nothing in the box.
a is b are c have d
has10 There ___a bottle of juice and some fruit in the fridge.
a is
b
are
c
be
11 There ___ two pairs and an apple on the table.
a is
b are
c be12 There ____any desks or chairs in the room.
a is b
are c
isn't
d
aren't
13 ___the chair ____four legs?
a Is,there
b
Are,there c Does,have
d Do,have
14 There________under the tree.
A are a basket of
applesB is a
basket of apples
C
is a basket of appleD are a basket of apple
15 There are many children ____kites in the park.
a fly
b
flies
c flying d
flew16 There aren't any pens in the bag,________?
a are there b
aren't there
c are they
17 _____there any news the front?
a Is b
Are
c Were d
Will
18 There____some water in the glass.
a is
b are c has 19 This pair of glasses ____mine.
a is b are
c will be
20 There ___two cups of tea on the table.
a is
b are
c has
21 There _____a table with three legs in my room.
a is b are
c have d has
答案：1----5 abbad
6---10
bdbaa
11----15 bdcac 16----21 aaaaba
“ There be 句型是初中英语的重点句型之一，现将其用法归纳如下：…”一、be 动词的形式
句中be 动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，由与其最靠近的用作主语的名词的数来决定。例如：There is a pen and a pencil in the pencil-box.
There are two apples，an orange and some bananas on the table. 二、时态运用一般现在时：There is a map of China on the wall.
一般将来时：There will / is going to be a sports meeting next week. 一般过去时：How many students were there in your school last term？
过去将来时：The teacher said there would be a football match on TV this evening. 现在完成时：
There have been two shops and a hospital here. There has been a hospital and two shops here. 三、“ There be …”的几种特殊句式
1. There be + n. + doing sth . （某人在做某事。）例如：
There are three Chinese girls looking after them. （JBI，P69 ）（有三个中国姑娘照顾他们。）
There's a boy swimming in the lake. （JBI，P169 ）（有一个男孩在湖中游泳。
）
There're hundreds of students watching the football match.（JBI，P169 ）（有好几百学生在观看足球赛。
）
There will be fewer people wanting to buy cars. （JB III，P63）（有较少的人想买轿车。）2. There was no time to think. （JB II，P63 ）（没有时间考虑）
There's no need to thank me. I'm only doing my job. （JB III，P82 ）（没有必要感谢我，我只是尽我的职责罢了。）
3. There're twenty more trees to be planted. （JB III，P54 ）（还有20 多棵树要栽。）
四、“ There be …”的几种特殊句式转换
1. a. （1 ）There isn't a cat in the sitting-room. （改写成意思相同的句子）（2 ）There is no cat in the sitting-room.
b. （1 ）There aren't any cats in the sitting-room. （改写成意思相同的句子）（2 ）There're no cats in the sitting-room.
2. a. （1 ）There's a sheep on the hill. （对划线部分提问）（2 ）How many sheep are there on the hill？
b. （1 ）There're some sweaters in the box. （对划线部分提问）（2 ）What's in the box？
3. a. （1 ）There's little time left. （改写为反意疑问句）（2 ）There's little time left，is there？
b. （1 ）There used to be a bridge over the river. （改为反意疑问句）
（2 ）There used to be a bridge over the river，didn't there？/ usedn't there？五. “ There be 句型误用例析…”
1. 误：There will have a meeting next Wednesday. 正：There will be a meeting next Wednesday. 分析：“ There be …”表示“某处存在有”，不能与have / has
（有）互换使用。
2. 误：－What are in the basket？－There're some apples. 正：－What's in the basket？－There're some apples. 分析：疑问代词
what 作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
3. 误：There will be much rainy the day after tomorrow. 正：There will be much rain the day after tomorrow. 分析：“ There be + n.
中用名词…”
rain 作主语，而不用形容词
rainy .
4. 误：There're many Young Pioneers are planting trees along the river. 正：There're many Young Pioneers planting trees along the river.
分析：“ There be +n. + doing sth 中的“” doing sth 是现在分词短语作定语，”故应用planting，5. 误：There're some money in the purse. 正：There's some money in the purse. 分析：money 为不可数名词，故
be 动词应用单数形式
is
1. there be+宾语+现在分词：现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行：There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人。
There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里劳动。
有时现在分词可表示一种状态：
There’s a piano standing against the wall.
靠墙有一架钢琴。
而不用 are planting 。“”There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难。There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园。
有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样)：
There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10个人来吃晚饭。
2. there be+宾语+过去分词：过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生：
There is nothing written on it. 上面没写东西。
There were ten people killed in the accident.
事故中有10人丧生。有时过去分词也可表示一种状态
(可转换成被动结构
)：
There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。
3. there be+宾语+不定式：不定式通常表示动作尚未发生：There was nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这孩子。There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要来给他送行。There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。
【注】当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式：
There is much work to do [to be done]. 有许多工作要做。
有时其中的不定式为系表结构：There is nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可怕的。What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?
There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 没有什么值得羞愧的
1. There is no doing 结构。其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”：
There’s no denying the fact.
这一事实不容否认。
There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next.
无法知道他下一步要干什么。
There was no telling when she would be back。没法知道她什么时候回来。2. There is no difficulty in doing sth结构。意为“做某事没有困难”：
There is no difficulty in finding his office.
找到了他的办公室没费一点劲。
There was no difficulty in carrying out the plan. 执行这项计划没什么困难。
3. There’s no doubt…结构。意为“毫无疑问…”：
There is no doubt of his success. 毫无疑问他一定会成功。
There could be no doubt that he was one of the best writer in this country.
毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家
之一。
4. There is no hurry (to do sth)
句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”：
There’s no hurry to return the book.
现在不急于还书。
There’s no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully. 不用赶时间，要慢慢细心地做。
5.There’s no need for…结构。其意为“不需要或不必要…”：There is no need for help.
不需要帮助。
There is no need for you to go. 你没有必要去。
6. There is no question about...
结构。其意为“…是毫无疑问的”：
There’s no question about his success. 毫无疑问他会成功。There’s no question about his honesty. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。7. There is no question of doing sth 句式。其意为“做某事是不可能的”：
There is no question of his coming.
他不可能会来。
There is no question of our arriving on time.
我们不可能准时赶到。
8. There is no sense in doing sth There’s no sense in criticizing him. 9. There’s no point in doing sth There’s no point in wasting time. 【注】以上有的结构中的
There is some difficulty in doing sthThere is much difficulty in doing sth
结构。意为“做某事没有道理或好处批评他也没有用。
等三小时是不没有道理的。告诉她没有用。
句式。意为“做某事没有用”：耗时间没用。
意为“做某事有些困难”。意为“做某事许多困难”。
”：
There’s no sense in waiting three hours. There’s no point (in) telling her about is.
no根据情况也可换成其他限定词：
There’s a need for意为需要或有必要…”。
…“
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