SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.4,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.
11forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them.
Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.
1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted
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15.[A]out
16.[A]discovered17.[A]betrayed18.[A]forced19.[A]Incontrast20.[A]inflexible
[B]back[C]around[B]proved[C]insisted[B]wronged[C]fooled[B]willing[C]hesitant[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[B]incapable[C]unreliable
SectionIIReadingComprehension
[D]inside
[D]remembered[D]mocked[D]entitled[D]Forinstance[D]unsuitable
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,
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andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.
Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.
Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.
21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?[A]Leadingpoliticians.[B]Low-wagelaborers.[C]Robotowners.
[D]Middle-classworkers.
22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided
23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_______.[A]creativepotential[B]job-huntingskills[C]individualneeds[D]cooperativespirit
24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_______.[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening
25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_______.[A]opposingviewsonit[B]possiblesolutionstoit[C]itsalarmingimpacts[D]itsmajorvariations
Text2
AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.
MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.And
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asurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.
Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.
Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.
Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.
Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.
26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson_______.[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews
27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto_______.[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share
28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople_______.[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility
[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”
29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis_______.[A]readersoutdatedvalues
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[B]journalists’biasedreporting[C]readers’misinterpretation[D]journalists’made-upstories
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.
Text3
Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.
DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed\"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.
Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.
Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenham’sreportisawelcomestart.
31.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.
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[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights.[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations
[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.
32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham’sverdictwith_______.[A]emptypromises[B]toughresistance
[C]necessaryadjustments[D]sincereapologies
33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that_______.[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts[B]leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal
[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit
34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis_______.[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants
35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis_______.[A]ambiguous[B]cautious[C]appreciative[D]contemptuous
Text4
TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewreality
Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.
Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,
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whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.
IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.
36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby_______.[A].itsunbalancedbudget[B].itsrigidmanagement
[C].thecostfortechnicalupgrading[D].thewithdrawalofbanksupport
37.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto_______.[A].theinterferencefrominterestgroups[B].theinadequatefundingfromCongress[C].theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice[D].theincompetenceofpostalunions
38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby_______.[A].removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare[B].makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles[C].adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism[D].attractingmorefirst-classmailusers
39.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith_______.[A]respect[B]tolerance[C]discontent[D]gratitude
40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays.[B]ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese.[C]TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure.[D]ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid.
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PartBDirections:
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
A.InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.
B.Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.
C.TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.
D.ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB’sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.
E.TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.
F.Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000
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individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.
G.ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.
【答案】41.(E)→C→42.(G)→43.(A)→F→44.(B)→45.(D)
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Shakespeare’slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivityandachievementinthedrama.(46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwesternEurope,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,schoolorganizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboywhowentagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold,thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul’sandtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteratureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreenehadmadecomediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthisbriefperiodwemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesame
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timeforthisLondonoftwohundredthousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.【参考译文】
46.到莎士比亚出生的年代,欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡,以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。
47.每个进入文法学校学习的少年都知道戏剧是一种文学形式,这种文学形式赋予希腊和罗马以荣耀,并且可能给英国带来荣耀。
48.但是这些专业公司在其永久剧院中兴起来了,进而,一些有文学抱负的大学生很快投身到这些当作谋生手段的剧院中。
49.这些文学巨匠创造出了具有本土特色的文学戏剧,并使其与公共剧场结盟起来,至少一些伟大的传统已经开始了。
50.为了认识到戏剧行为的伟大性,我们必须进一步牢记许多戏剧形式已经消失了,而且可能没有一位著名作家的全部作品得以存留至今。
SectionIIIWriting
PartA
51.Directions:
Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampusinvitingthemtoattendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremailyoushouldincludetime,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSEWERSHEET
Donotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)【参考范文】DearSirorMadam,
Iamwritingthisletterinordertoinviteyoutoattendtheforthcominggraduationceremony.Theceremonywillbehostedintheauditoriumonourcampus,at10o'clockinthemorningonnextMonday,January15.Itisadvisableforyoutodressformal.Pleaseletusknowyourdecisionassoonaspossiblesothatwecouldsendyoufurtherdetailsconcerned.Sinceyouaresopopularamongusthatwesincerelyhopeyoucouldacceptthisinvitationandgivethegraduatesawonderfulmemoryofourcampus.
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Ifyouareavailable,werequestthehonorofyourcompany.Itwillbehighlyappreciatedifyoucouldgiveusanearliestfavorablereply.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
PartB
52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturesbriefly.2)interpretthemeaning,and3)giveyoucomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
【参考范文】
Asisvividlydepictedinthegraphthatsittinginfrontofacomputer,astudentisselectingthecurriculum,takingnumerouselementsintoconsiderationincludingtheinnovation,thefreshnessofknowledgeandthelevelofdifficultyaswellasthescoring,thequalifiedrateandburdenofassignment.Thecaptionsays:Thecourseselectingisontheway,indicatingtheimportanceofwell-roundedconsiderationwhilemakingachoice.
Wecandeducefromtheportrayalthatwell-roundedcontemplating,asignificantquality,servesasanindispensablecapabilitybringingaboutpositiveinfluencetowarddifferentaspectsofourlives.Itiscommonlyknownthatthevalueofcomprehensivenessandsophisticationofthinkinghasbeenprovedbycountlessexamplesaroundus,suchasthegovernmentalpolicymakingand
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selectionofcompulsoryandoptionalcourse.Ifwecanputthisnotionintopractice,itwouldexertprofoundandconstructiveinfluence.Therefore,well-roundedandthoroughthinkingwillcreatehugebenefittotheprosperityofcommunityaswellaspersonaldevelopment.
Whateverdifficultyorsituationweareconfrontedwith,thosewhohavetheabilityofanalyzingtheingredientsandintegratingthemtogetherarenearertosuccess.Therefore,well-roundedconsiderationisthewisdomweshouldliveupto.
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