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小学英语一般过去时讲义

来源:六九路网
 博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

★一般过去时★

一,概念:表示在过去某个时间里,所存在的状态或发生的动作。

表示过去时间的词或词组。如:1, last +时间 last weekend, (上周末) last week(上周) last month(上个月)

last year(去年) last Monday(上周一) last night(昨晚)

2,yesterday(昨天) yesterday morning/afternoon/ evening(昨天早上/昨天下午/昨天晚上)

3,...... ago(......以前) 2 hours ago(两小时前) 2 days ago(两天前) 2 years ago(两年前)

4,at that time 那是 the day before yesterday(前天) just now(刚才)

结构

( ① be动词(is,am, are)→ was/were)

主语 + 动词过去时态 +其他部分

( ②一般动词→相应的动词过去式)

① 表示过去的事实或状态。

例:He was very busy an hour ago.他在过去的一小时非常忙碌。

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

I was eight years old last year. 我去年8岁。

She was a student 3 years ago. 三年前她是一个学生(三年前她还在上学。)

② 表示在过去某个时间内所作的事情。

例:She played football yesterday .昨天她买了很多书。

I watched TV last night. 昨晚我看了电视。

二,动词一般过去时变化规则

A,表状态的be动词(am,is,are)在过去时态中的用法。

1,am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。用于第一人称I和第三人称单数she/he/it等,如:I was/she was/he was/it was。(否定式was not=wasn’t)

2,are在一般过去时中变为were。用于第二人称you和复数we/they等,如:you were/we were/they were(否定式were not=weren’t)

① be动词的一般过去式基本结构 :主语+was/were+其他部分。

例:My father and my mother were at home yesterday.我爸妈昨天在家。

I was a teacher 5 years ago. 五年前我是一个老师。

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

She was Miss White yesterday,she is Mrs Black now. 昨天她是怀特小姐,现在他是布莱克夫人。

I was a young 10 years ago,now I am a old man. 十年前我是一个年轻人,现在我是个老人了。

② be动词的一般过去式的否定句。

带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即在was或were后加not,即was not=wasn’t / were not=weren’t 。

句式结构:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他部分。

例:They were very happy last night. 昨晚他们很开心

否定句:They were not (weren’t) very happy last night.昨晚他们不开心。

She was a student. 他是一个学生。

否定句:She was not(wasn’t)a student. 他不是学生了。

③ be动词的一般过去式的疑问句。

带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即把was或were提到句首,句末加问好,其他不变。

句式结构:was/were+主语+其他+?

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

肯定回答:Yes,主语 +was/were.

否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t / weren’t

例:She was a child once. 他曾是一个小孩。

一般疑问句:Was she a child once? Yes,she was/No,she wasn’t.

I was at home yesterday.昨天在我待在家里。

一般疑问句:Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家里吗? Yes,I was/No,I wasn’t.

B,一般动词在过去时态中的用法。

① 一般动词的过去式变化规则

 规则变化。

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:wash-washed, clean-cleaned, play- played

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted , dance-danced, love-loved live-lived

3.末尾是一个辅音字母+一个元音字母+一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped,plan-planned, prefer-preferred

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied worry-worried

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

 不规则变化 (要求识记)

go→went have/has→had do→did sing→sang come→came sit→sat give→gave

run→ran eat→ate take→took write→wrote ride→ rode drive→drove speak→spoke get→got make→made know→knew see→saw teach→taught buy→bought

read→read put→put hurt→hurt cut→cut fall→fell say→said② 一般动词的过去式基本句式结构: 主语+动词的过去式+其它

例:He washed the clothes yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。

We did our homework together. 我们一起做家庭作业。

③ 一般动词的过去式否定句:借助动词did+not(didn’t),后面的动词变原形.

句式结构:主语+did not (didn’t )+动词原形+其它部分。

例:He washed the clothes yesterday. 他昨天没有洗衣服了。

否定句:He didn’t wash the clothes yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。

We did our homework together. 我们一起做家庭作业。

否定句:We didn’t do our homework together. 我们没有一起做家庭作业。

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

④ 一般动词的过去式一般疑问句:借助动词did,放在句首,后面的动词变原形,句末加问好。

句式结构:Did+主语++动词原形+其它部分+?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 +did.

否定回答:No, 主语+didn’t

例:I cleaned my roon last night. 昨晚我打扫了我的房间。

一般疑问句:Did you clean your room last night? 昨晚你打扫你的房间了吗?

Yes,I did./No,I didn’t. 是的,我打扫了。/没有,我没打扫。

He played football with Li Ming last Sunday. 上周星期天,他和李明一起踢足球了。

一般疑问句:Did he play football with Li Ming last Sunday? 上周星期天,他和李明踢足球了吗?

Yes,he did./No,he didn’t. 有/没有。

⑤ 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+一般疑问句,即:

疑问词(what/where/who/when/how)+did+主语+动词原形+其它?

例:What did you do last weekend? 你上周末干什么去了?

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

What did she do last night? 她昨晚上干什么去了?

Where did the plane go last month? 这架飞机上个月去哪里了?

When did we go shopping? 我们什么时候去买的东西?

How did he do to school yesterday? 他昨天怎么去上学的?

❖ 一般过去时态不分人称和数的变化,动词相应变过去式。变否定句和一般疑问句一律借助助动词did。

例:He liked apples very much 5 years ago. 五年前他很喜欢吃苹果。

I liked apples very much 5 years ago. 五年前我很喜欢吃苹果。

We studied here last year. 去年我们在这上过学。

They studied here last year. 去年他们在这上过学。

I didn’t watch TV last night. 我昨晚上没看电视

She didn’t watch TV last night. 她昨晚上没看电视。

❖ 解析对画线部分提问。

对划线部分提问就是针对句子中的某一成分进行提问,就是把陈述句变成一般疑问句的过程。

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

① 注意之点:

1) 用特殊疑问词5W(what/where/who/when/how)代替划线部分,划线部分不再出现,其他部分一个都不可少。

2) 句式结构,即:特殊疑问词(5W)+一般疑问句。

a. 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它部分?

b. 特殊疑问词+was/were+其它部分?

② 划线部分替代词的线则,即5W(what/where/who/when/how)的选用。

1) 划线部分是人物,用who代替。

2) 划线部分是时间,用when 提问。

3) 划线部分是地点,用where提问。

4) 划线部分是事情,事物,物体,用what提问。

5) 划线部分是交通方式,方法,感觉,健康状况,用how 提问。

6) 划线部分是数量,用how many提问。

7) 划线部分是年龄,用how old提问。

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

8) 划线部分是原因,即because...用why 提问。

例:She watched a movie in the cinema by bus last night. 她昨晚坐公汽去电影院看电影了。

⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌

1,Who watched a movie in the cinema by bus last night?

2,What did she do last night?

3,Where did she watch a movie by bus last night?

4,How did she watch a movie last night?

5,When did she watch a movie in the cinema bu bus?

练一练:

1. Jim cleaned his room this morning.

2. He was in the library just now.

3. Nancy went to school by subway yesterday

1 2 3 4

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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义

4. My mother bought a book for me yesterday.

5. There are 5 birds in the tree.

6. She was 7 years old last year.

7. I like spring because I can go hiking. 8. She feels happy .

9. He was in the hospital.

10. She makes a kite in the classroom.

11. He did his homework last night. 10

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