★一般过去时★
一,概念:表示在过去某个时间里,所存在的状态或发生的动作。
表示过去时间的词或词组。如:1, last +时间 last weekend, (上周末) last week(上周) last month(上个月)
last year(去年) last Monday(上周一) last night(昨晚)
2,yesterday(昨天) yesterday morning/afternoon/ evening(昨天早上/昨天下午/昨天晚上)
3,...... ago(......以前) 2 hours ago(两小时前) 2 days ago(两天前) 2 years ago(两年前)
4,at that time 那是 the day before yesterday(前天) just now(刚才)
结构
( ① be动词(is,am, are)→ was/were)
主语 + 动词过去时态 +其他部分
( ②一般动词→相应的动词过去式)
① 表示过去的事实或状态。
例:He was very busy an hour ago.他在过去的一小时非常忙碌。
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
I was eight years old last year. 我去年8岁。
She was a student 3 years ago. 三年前她是一个学生(三年前她还在上学。)
② 表示在过去某个时间内所作的事情。
例:She played football yesterday .昨天她买了很多书。
I watched TV last night. 昨晚我看了电视。
二,动词一般过去时变化规则
A,表状态的be动词(am,is,are)在过去时态中的用法。
1,am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。用于第一人称I和第三人称单数she/he/it等,如:I was/she was/he was/it was。(否定式was not=wasn’t)
2,are在一般过去时中变为were。用于第二人称you和复数we/they等,如:you were/we were/they were(否定式were not=weren’t)
① be动词的一般过去式基本结构 :主语+was/were+其他部分。
例:My father and my mother were at home yesterday.我爸妈昨天在家。
I was a teacher 5 years ago. 五年前我是一个老师。
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
She was Miss White yesterday,she is Mrs Black now. 昨天她是怀特小姐,现在他是布莱克夫人。
I was a young 10 years ago,now I am a old man. 十年前我是一个年轻人,现在我是个老人了。
② be动词的一般过去式的否定句。
带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即在was或were后加not,即was not=wasn’t / were not=weren’t 。
句式结构:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他部分。
例:They were very happy last night. 昨晚他们很开心
否定句:They were not (weren’t) very happy last night.昨晚他们不开心。
She was a student. 他是一个学生。
否定句:She was not(wasn’t)a student. 他不是学生了。
③ be动词的一般过去式的疑问句。
带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即把was或were提到句首,句末加问好,其他不变。
句式结构:was/were+主语+其他+?
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
肯定回答:Yes,主语 +was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t / weren’t
例:She was a child once. 他曾是一个小孩。
一般疑问句:Was she a child once? Yes,she was/No,she wasn’t.
I was at home yesterday.昨天在我待在家里。
一般疑问句:Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家里吗? Yes,I was/No,I wasn’t.
B,一般动词在过去时态中的用法。
① 一般动词的过去式变化规则
规则变化。
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:wash-washed, clean-cleaned, play- played
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted , dance-danced, love-loved live-lived
3.末尾是一个辅音字母+一个元音字母+一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped,plan-planned, prefer-preferred
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied worry-worried
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
不规则变化 (要求识记)
go→went have/has→had do→did sing→sang come→came sit→sat give→gave
run→ran eat→ate take→took write→wrote ride→ rode drive→drove speak→spoke get→got make→made know→knew see→saw teach→taught buy→bought
read→read put→put hurt→hurt cut→cut fall→fell say→said② 一般动词的过去式基本句式结构: 主语+动词的过去式+其它
例:He washed the clothes yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。
We did our homework together. 我们一起做家庭作业。
③ 一般动词的过去式否定句:借助动词did+not(didn’t),后面的动词变原形.
句式结构:主语+did not (didn’t )+动词原形+其它部分。
例:He washed the clothes yesterday. 他昨天没有洗衣服了。
否定句:He didn’t wash the clothes yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。
We did our homework together. 我们一起做家庭作业。
否定句:We didn’t do our homework together. 我们没有一起做家庭作业。
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
④ 一般动词的过去式一般疑问句:借助动词did,放在句首,后面的动词变原形,句末加问好。
句式结构:Did+主语++动词原形+其它部分+?
肯定回答:Yes,主语 +did.
否定回答:No, 主语+didn’t
例:I cleaned my roon last night. 昨晚我打扫了我的房间。
一般疑问句:Did you clean your room last night? 昨晚你打扫你的房间了吗?
Yes,I did./No,I didn’t. 是的,我打扫了。/没有,我没打扫。
He played football with Li Ming last Sunday. 上周星期天,他和李明一起踢足球了。
一般疑问句:Did he play football with Li Ming last Sunday? 上周星期天,他和李明踢足球了吗?
Yes,he did./No,he didn’t. 有/没有。
⑤ 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+一般疑问句,即:
疑问词(what/where/who/when/how)+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
例:What did you do last weekend? 你上周末干什么去了?
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
What did she do last night? 她昨晚上干什么去了?
Where did the plane go last month? 这架飞机上个月去哪里了?
When did we go shopping? 我们什么时候去买的东西?
How did he do to school yesterday? 他昨天怎么去上学的?
❖ 一般过去时态不分人称和数的变化,动词相应变过去式。变否定句和一般疑问句一律借助助动词did。
例:He liked apples very much 5 years ago. 五年前他很喜欢吃苹果。
I liked apples very much 5 years ago. 五年前我很喜欢吃苹果。
We studied here last year. 去年我们在这上过学。
They studied here last year. 去年他们在这上过学。
I didn’t watch TV last night. 我昨晚上没看电视
She didn’t watch TV last night. 她昨晚上没看电视。
❖ 解析对画线部分提问。
对划线部分提问就是针对句子中的某一成分进行提问,就是把陈述句变成一般疑问句的过程。
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
① 注意之点:
1) 用特殊疑问词5W(what/where/who/when/how)代替划线部分,划线部分不再出现,其他部分一个都不可少。
2) 句式结构,即:特殊疑问词(5W)+一般疑问句。
a. 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它部分?
b. 特殊疑问词+was/were+其它部分?
② 划线部分替代词的线则,即5W(what/where/who/when/how)的选用。
1) 划线部分是人物,用who代替。
2) 划线部分是时间,用when 提问。
3) 划线部分是地点,用where提问。
4) 划线部分是事情,事物,物体,用what提问。
5) 划线部分是交通方式,方法,感觉,健康状况,用how 提问。
6) 划线部分是数量,用how many提问。
7) 划线部分是年龄,用how old提问。
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
8) 划线部分是原因,即because...用why 提问。
例:She watched a movie in the cinema by bus last night. 她昨晚坐公汽去电影院看电影了。
⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌
1,Who watched a movie in the cinema by bus last night?
2,What did she do last night?
3,Where did she watch a movie by bus last night?
4,How did she watch a movie last night?
5,When did she watch a movie in the cinema bu bus?
练一练:
1. Jim cleaned his room this morning.
2. He was in the library just now.
3. Nancy went to school by subway yesterday
1 2 3 4
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博林教育小学六年级英语语法讲义
4. My mother bought a book for me yesterday.
5. There are 5 birds in the tree.
6. She was 7 years old last year.
7. I like spring because I can go hiking. 8. She feels happy .
9. He was in the hospital.
10. She makes a kite in the classroom.
11. He did his homework last night. 10
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