Unit 1 Back to school Grammar 学案 高一英语 2020 必修第一册

Unit 1 Back to school

Grammar and usage

一、学习目标：

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: 1.identify different elements in a sentence; 2.understand five basic sentence structures; 3. apply the rules in new situations; 二、导读导学 ：简单句的五种类型

三、问题分层 Ａ层 句子的成分及其功能

Ｂ层 简单句的五种类型

Ｃ层 运用所学内容判断句子结构 主体参与 学习、探究简单句的五种类型。

Step 1 探索与发现 句子的成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做 __________。句子成分有_________成分和_________成分；主要成分有___语和___语；次要成分有____语、_____语、_____语、____语、_________语和_______语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于______。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当 主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（____词） We often speak English in class.（代词）

One-third of the students in this class are girls.（____词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（______式） Smoking does harm to the health.（______词）

The rich should help the poor.（名词化的________词）

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（_______从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（___作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的________）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的______或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在___ 语之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2

、1）（由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： 复You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 合（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

表语：用以说明_____语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于____动词（如 （四）be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名 词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如：

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Our teacher of English is an American.（____词） Is it yours?（____词）

The weather has turned cold.（______词） The speech is exciting.（____词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（____词） His job is to teach English.（_______式）

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His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（______词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（___词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的_______或_________者，一般位于______动词和介词后面。例如：

They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（____词）

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（____词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（____词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（____短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语) I think（that）he is fit for his office.（____语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.

（2） 复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语， 才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（____词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（_____词）

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（_________短语） We saw her entering the room.（_______分词）

We found everything in the lab in good order.（___词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：

Guilin is a beautiful city.（______词）

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（___词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（____词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（____词）

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（_______词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（_____词短语）

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫

做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（____词短语）

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（____________短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）

2 Wait a minute.（____词）

Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下：

How about meeting again at six?（______状语）

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（______状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（_______状语）

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Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_______状语）

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（_________状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（_____状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder（._______状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（______状语） She works very hard though she is old.（________状语） I am taller than he is.（_________状语） Step 2简单句的五种类型 Task 1.连词成句：

Miss Yan， to， was excited to， the opportunity， give， be given， really， a speech

→____________________________________________________________

Task2 Exploring the rules：

1. Ss. read the short speech on page ? and put the underlined sentences into the table according to their sentence structures.

•___________________________. S+V

• ________________________________. S+V+P • ____________________________________. S+V+O

• ______________________________________________. S+V+IO+DO

• _____________________________________________________. S+V+O+OC Task 3 Working out the rules 1. Learning about Rule 1

Students observe the above five sentence structures and infer what elements are essential in a sentence and deduce Rule 1: The subject and the ________ are necessary parts of a sentence. 2. Learning about Rule 2 : Students observe the following two sentences: • I agree.

• You will have a happy life.

Work out Rule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects are usually nouns

or pronouns.

Practice: Complete the following sentences with proper verbs or objects.

• During the three years of senior high school, I_________ great knowledge and___________ personal growth.

• In order to improve my football skills, I will join ________________.

• To achieve my goal for the new term, I will learn____________________ll. (to-infinitive serving as the object)

3. Learning about Rule 3 Students observe the following sentences: • You will live a happy life.

• Setting goals gives you a focus in life.

Some transitive verbs can take two objects,________________(DO) and________________ (IO). The indirect object usually refers to_________and the direct object__________. Objects are

3 usually________ or___________.The sentence structure is like this: S+V+IO+DO. This is Rule 3.

Setting goals gives you a focus in life. We can also change the structure into the following: Setting goals gives____________________in life. Practice:

(1) What verbs have we learned that can take two objects?

give,___________________________________________________________________________ (2) Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure

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_______________________________________________________________________________4. Learning about Rule 4:

An object can be followed by a complement(补足语） and it is called__________________(OC). The sentence structure is like this: S+V+O+OC. This is Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object.

T: Please complete the following sentences with proper object complements • Mrs. Barrow named her dog __________.(点点）

• I wanted to paint my bedroom_________ .（粉红色）

• I smelled something__________ in the kitchen.（正在燃烧）

• The terrible news of Kobe’s death left us ____________________.（非常震惊地） • I watched a magician ___________________ on TV.（表演一个魔术）

• Our principal encouraged us _______________________________.（充分发挥我们的潜能） Task 4 More explanation

1. Distinguish(区分） the S+V+O structure from the S+V+P structure. (1) Underline the sentence elements in the following sentences: • We should keep positive in life. ___________

• We should keep a positive attitude to life. __________________

• Achieving a balance between my study and hobbies remains a challenge. ________________ (2) Make a summary.

We divide verbs into three kinds: intransitive verbs (vi.)(不及物动词）, transitive verbs (vt.（及物动词）) and linking verbs (linking v.)（系动词）. The verbs in the above sentences are should keep, should keep and remains.They each belong to the______ verb, the __________ verb and the _______ verb. Linking verbs include be verbs and verbs like look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, become, turn, stay, remain, keep etc. A word or a group of words that follows a linking verb is the predicative (P).

The way to decide the verb in a sentence is a linking verb, a transitive or an intransitive verb: Change the verb into be verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is a linking verb. 五、当堂检测

1. Finish B1 on page 7 of the textbook.2. Finish B2 on page 7 of the textbook 六、课堂总结

1. 问题总结（错题集） 错因分析 错题 题号 基础知识 基本技能（方法） 易错点分析 审题答题规范性 学法指导

2. 学习报告（思维导图）

学习报告

班级： 姓名： 学科： 任课教师：

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