CATTI三级笔译实务全部试题真题及答案汇总

2017年5⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-ChineseTranslation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Improved human well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected globalhealth crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible tounhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in highincome countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the WorldBank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa.

This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments mustunderstand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanitesenjoy a variety of culinary options. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks ofsuch diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied bytelevision, movies and video games in the growing number of households.

The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sicknessmay, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications likediabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden oncountries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.

Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and the promotion of food systems may help control obesity at a lowercost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already

experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei,and Singapore have adopted soda tax . South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city ofBerkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax areused to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education.

There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and publichealth. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study ofurban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in walkable neighbourhoods are healthier thanresidents living in less walkable neighourhoods in urban China. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles.Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and foodvendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises

awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods withpolicies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles is important for developing countries from both an economic andsocial point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, “Reducing obesity will boost global development.”Section 2: Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.

煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，但⽬前反对使⽤煤炭的声浪⽇益⾼涨。煤炭巨⼤的碳排放量引起⽓候变化，从⽽引起公众的担忧，煤炭与其他能源相⽐竞争⼒下降。

以美国为例，页岩油⽓的出现造成部分煤炭因价格过⾼⽽被排挤出市场。美国去年煤炭需求接近9.2亿吨，由于天然⽓价格下跌，今年煤炭需求将减少6000万吨到8000万吨。

数据显⽰，煤炭满⾜了全球约30%的能源需求，供应了40%的电⼒。在⼈⼝第⼀和第⼆⼤国的中国和印度，煤炭所满⾜的能源需求⽐例⾼达70%左右。

中国的煤炭消费量在去年已经下降，煤炭进⼝下滑了11%，这是10年来的⾸次下降。中国的经济增速已经放缓，同时也做出极⼤努⼒减少煤炭的使⽤以减少污染。由于燃煤发电⼚没有满负荷运⾏，再加上煤炭供应充⾜，造成国际煤炭价格被压低。煤出⼝价格从去年的峰值下跌了约60%。

2016年11⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”“It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold,”Lee —who died Friday at age 89，said during a 1964 interview. “I

didn’t expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at thesame time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it enough to give me encouragement.”

“To Kill a Mockingbird”may not be the Great American Novel. But it’s likely the most universally known work of fiction by anAmerican author over the past 70 years, Lee was cited for her subtle, graceful style and gift for explaining the world through achild’s eye, but the secret to the novel’s ongoing appeal was also in how many books this single book contained.

“To Kill a Mockingbird”was a coming-of-age story, a courtroom thriller, a Southern novel, a period piece, a drama about class,and —of course —a drama of race.”All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama,”she once observed.The story ofLee is essentially the story of her book, and how she responded to it. She was a warm, vibrant and witty woman who playedgolf, fished, ate at McDonald’s, fed ducks by tossing seed corn out of a Cool Whip tub, read voraciously, and got about toplays and concerts. She just didn’t want to talk about it before an audience.

“To Kill a Mockingbird”was an instant and ongoing hit, published in 1960, as the civil rights movement was accelerating. It’sthe story of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up in a Depression-era Southern town. A black man has been wrongly accusedof raping a white woman, and Scout’s father, the resolute lawyer, defends him despite threats and the scorn of many.Praisedby The New Yorker as “skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious,”the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into amemorable movie in 1962.

“Mockingbird”inspired a generation of young lawyers and social workers, was assigned in high schools all over the countryand was a popular choice for citywide, or nationwide, reading programs, although it was also occasionally removed fromshelves for its racial content and references to rape.By 2015, sales topped 40 million copies.

When the Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books that have affected people’s lives, “To Kill a Mockingbird”wassecond only to the Bible.Lee herself became more elusive to the public as her book became more famous. At first, shedutifully promoted her work. She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about herself and gave speeches, once to a class ofcadets at West Point.But she began declining interviews in the mid-1960s and, until late in her life, firmly avoided making anypublic comment about her novel or her career.

Her novel, while hugely popular, was not ranked by many scholars in the same category as the work of other Southern

authors Decades after its publication, little was written about it in scholarly journals. Some critics have called the book naiveand sentimental, whether dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor nuisance or advocating change through personalpersuasion rather than collective action.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.

本公司是中国保利集团控股的⼤型国有房地产上市公司，国家⼀级房地产开发资质企业，连续五年荣膺中国房地产⾏业领导公司品牌。2006年7⽉，公司股票在上海证券交易所上市，截⽌⾄2014年底，公司总资产突破3600亿元，实现签约⾦额1366.76亿元。

本公司成⽴于1992年，经过⼗年扎实发展，2002年成功完成股份制改造，遂开始实施全国化战略，加强专业化运作，连续实现跨越式发展。⽬前，公司已完成以⼴州、北京、上海为中⼼，覆盖57个城市的全国化战略布局，拥有292家控股⼦公司，业务拓展到房地产开发、建筑设计、⼯程施⼯、物业管理、销售代理以及商业会展、酒店经营等相关⾏业。

本公司坚持以以四⼤产品为主，适度发展持有经营性物业。在住宅开发⽅⾯，逐渐形成了四⼤产品系列，多元化优质住宅物业的先进创新格局，覆盖中⾼端住宅、公寓、别墅多种物业形态。商业物业囊括商业写字楼、⾼端休闲地产、星级酒店、商贸会展、购物中⼼、城市综合体等，具备多品类物业综合开发的实⼒。2016年5⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Old people in Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles ofreddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animaldung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.

Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist whodirects a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders,often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,”Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The

vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”

Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some twomillion seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-Africanregeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states inan alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries havestill to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the GreatGreen Wall.

“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to livehere,”Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliancesbetween Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology,ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefitthe other countries as they become more active,”the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 peopleare employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they areready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing thema full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.

After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Sixyears on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, havebeen planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.

There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at theUniversitéBlaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some plantedparcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of

four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,”Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpirationof the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in

slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-ladenwinds from the Sahara,”he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,”Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from Francein 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables aregrown.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.

健康是促进⼈的全⾯发展的必然要求。提⾼⼈民健康⽔平，实现病有所医的理想，是⼈类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13亿多⼈⼝的发展中⼤国，医疗卫⽣关系亿万⼈民健康，是⼀个重⼤民⽣问题。

中国⾼度重视保护和增进⼈民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫⽣事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护⼈民健康。多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为⼈民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务”的卫⽣⼯作⽅针，努⼒发展具有中国特⾊的医疗卫⽣事业。经过不懈努⼒，覆盖城乡的医疗卫⽣服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能⼒不断增强，医疗保障覆盖⼈⼝逐步扩⼤，卫⽣科技⽔平⽇益提⾼，居民健康⽔平明显改善。

随着中国⼯业化、城市化进程和⼈⼝⽼龄化趋势的加快，居民健康⾯临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁，公众对医疗卫⽣服务的需求⽇益提⾼。与此同时，中国卫⽣资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡的⽭盾依然存在，医疗卫⽣事业改⾰与发展的任务⼗分艰巨。答案

司恩⾼利村的⽼⼈们常说，他们记得曾经该村周边树⽊多得遮天蔽⽇。如今，司恩⾼利这个塞内加尔西北⼩村已被绵延数英⾥的红棕⾊沙⼦包围，沙⼦上零星散布着灌⽊丛和树丛。⼲结的动物粪便到处都是，但⼲枯的草却很难到处可见。过度放牧和⽓候变化是导致撒哈拉沙漠扩张的主要原因，⼈类学家吉勒思·波特舍这样说道，他带领的⼀队法国科学家正和塞内加尔研究员⼀道在此开展研究⼯作。“当地的颇⽿族⼈以放牧为⽣，且常常是流动放牧。但是畜群对草地带来的压⼒太⼤以致于植被⽆法复⽣，”波特舍先⽣在⼀次采访中说道。不过，塞内加尔⾃2008 年起就⼀直抗击不断扩张的沙漠的侵袭。每年，该国将约200万株树苗沿545 千⽶（约340 英⾥）长的狭长地带栽种，这块狭长地带是“绿⾊长城”这⼀泛⾮洲植被再⽣⼯程在塞内加尔境内的部分。“绿⾊长城”这⼀⼯程在2005 年被提出，它将塞内加尔和其他10 个地处撒哈拉的国家联接成同盟来通过植树创建⼀个15 千⽶宽、7100 千⽶长的绿化带，以此阻挡沙漠的扩张。随着主管其境内的“绿⾊长城”⼯程的⼀个国家级机构

的成⽴，塞内加尔在植树治沙⽅⾯已经⾛在了前列，⽽许多国家甚⾄都还没有着⼿建设它们境内的绿化带屏障。“这个半⼲燥地区正变得越来越不适宜居住。我们想让⼈们还能够继续在此居住，”帕萨上校在⼀次采访中说道，他是这个新成⽴的机构的

技术主任。萨上校已促成塞内加尔研究⼈员和波特舍领导的法国科学家团队在⼟壤微⽣物学、⽣态学、药学和⼈类学⽅⾯组成研究联盟。萨上校说：“随着其他国家变得更积极起来，我们希望塞内加尔尝试的不同治沙⽅式能让这些国家受益”。⾃2008年起，每年4 ⽉到6 ⽉，约400 名⼯⼈会受雇于8 个苗圃室，他们要挑选种⼦、照看种⼦的发芽，然后修剪幼苗直到这些幼苗能⽤于载种。到了8 ⽉，1000 多⼈将被调动来栽种⼀排排树苗，约200 万株，这就使得这些树苗在漫长⽽⼲燥的旱季到来前能有⾜⾜两个⽉的⾬季来扎根。在经历了第⼀个旱季之后，这些⼩树苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕⾊的枝条从地上的洞中凸出来，但80% 的树苗都会存活。6 年之后，这些2008 年栽下的树苗已经长到了3 ⽶之⾼（约10 英⼨）。迄今已有30000 公顷，约75000 英亩的地带已经栽上了树⽊，其中4000 亩是今年夏天栽种的。“植树对微⽓候的影响已经显现，”法国克莱蒙费朗市布莱斯?帕斯卡⼤学物理地理学教授让·吕克·派瑞说道，他在⼀些已经栽种了树⽊的地带放置了30 个传感器来记录温度变化。“初步的结果显⽰4 ⾄8 棵树组成的树丛能对温度产⽣重要影响，”派瑞教授在⼀次采访中说道。“树⽊体表的⽔分蒸发能创造⼀个微⽓候，这个微⽓候能降低每⽇温度的上限。”“同时，这些树⽊在减轻⼤风造成的⼟壤流失、减少沙尘以及起到粗糙的地垫作⽤⽅⾯功不可没，从⽽阻断从撒哈拉刮来的满是沙⼦的⼤风”他补充说道。野⽣动物因这些变化⽽改变了⾏为。波特舍先⽣说：“迁徙的鸟类重现此地。”该⼯程所⽤的8 个地下⽔泵站建于1954 年，即在塞内加尔1960 年脱离法国统治取得独⽴之前。这些⽔泵抽取地下⽔灌满巨型蓄⽔盆，⽽这些蓄⽔盆为动物、苗圃室和种植有果树的花园供⽔。⼤师兄翻硕译⽂⼀：

Good health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round development of the person.And it is a common pursuit of human

societies toimprove people's healthand ensuretheirright to medical care.For China, alarge developing country, medical andhealthcare is of vital importance to its population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major issue concerningits people'swellbeing.China pays great attention to protecting and improving its people's health. As the Constitution stipulates, \"The state developsmedical and health services, promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine..., allfortheprotectionofthepeople's health.\" Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinesecharacteristics in accordance with the policy of \"making rural areas the focus of our work, putting disease prevention first,supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, andmobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the people's health and serving socialist modernization.\" Thanksto unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systems covering both urban and rural residents havetaken shape, the capabilities of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance hasexpanded, continuous progress has been made inmedical science andtechnology,andthepeople's healthhas

beenremarkablyimproved. With the quickened pace of the country's industrialization and urbanization, as well as itsincreasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual

health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime,problems still exist regarding China's health resources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanceddistribution of those resources. China has arduous tasksaheadforreforminganddevelopingitsmedical andhealthservices.⼤师兄翻硕版译⽂⼆：

Good health is a prerequisite for the all-round development of a man.To improve people’s health and ensure their access tohealth care is a goal being pursued by all societies. Health care, which has a direct bearing on people’shealth,

isarealpublicconcerninChina,alargedeveloping countrywith apopulation of1.3billion. China attaches great importance/paysmuch attention to protecting and improving people’s health. For example, it has been enshrined in/written into the constitutionthat for the sake of people’s health, the state has an obligation todevelop

thehealthcaresystemandpromotemodernmedicineandtraditionalChinese medicine. Over the years, China has been workinghard to build a health care system with Chinese characteristics, sticking to the principles of “health service in rural areasbeing the centerpiece/key part of its effort; disease prevention being putting first; traditional Chinese medicine and Westernmedicine being equally emphasized; science, technology and education being the ways by which the system is created; allmembers of the society being encouraged to contribute to the system; the system being for the health of the public andChina’s socialist modernization ”. After years of relentless efforts, China has basically built a health care system coveringboth ruraland urbanresidents andhas constantly improved its ability toprevent andcurediseases aswell asits medicaltechnologies, with medical insurance covering an ever-increasing number of people and people’s health beingmarkedlyimproved. Withthe paceof China'sindustrialization andurbanization acceleratingand thepopulationbeingincreasingly aging, the Chinese people are confronted with the dual threat posed by infectious diseases and chronic

diseases, for which there’s a great demand for health care service among the public. In the meantime, the problems of thelack of medical resources, high-quality ones in particular and the distribution of medical resources being uneven stillpersist,which meansthatChinahas adauntingtaskof reforming andimprovingitshealthcaresystem.2015 年11 ⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.

The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. Thecapital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants.

The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected presidentserving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from theUnited Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence inthe Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became“Ireland.”In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series ofliberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The countryachieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.

In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations HumanDevelopment Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press,economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.

The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the

highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarriedwomen. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high ratesof natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an averagegrowth rate of 1.6 percent.

Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe,and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influenceof the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the rightto life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life”of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenthand Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about“services”that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in1995 under the Fifteenth

Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Irelandis slightly above the European Union average.

Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation,marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.

Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and apublic smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate ofpackaging recycling in the European Union.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.

不冲突不对抗，是构建中美新型⼤国关系的必要前提。有研究显⽰，历史上⼤约有过15 次新兴⼤

国的崛起，其中有11 次与既有⼤国之间发⽣了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今⾮昔⽐，中美之间乃⾄全球各国之间已是⽇趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，战争没有出路。不冲突、不对抗的宣⽰，就是要顺应全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负⾯预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前景的正⾯信⼼。

相互尊重，是构建中美新型⼤国关系的基本原则。世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历史⽂化背景各异，同时⼜利益相互交织的⼤国，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互尊重对⽅⼈民选择的制度与道路，相互尊重彼此的核⼼利益与关切，才能求同存异，进⽽聚同化异，实现两国的和谐相处。

合作共赢，是中美构建新型⼤国关系的必由之路。中美双⽅在双边关系各领域都有着⼴泛合作需求和巨⼤合作潜⼒。此外，作为两个⼤国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到⽹络安全，从核不扩散到⽓候变化，从中东和平到⾮洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合作和贡献。答案

爱尔兰共和国是西欧的⼀个主权国家，其国⼟⾯积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的⾸都和最⼤城市是都柏林，该国460 万⼈⼝中约三分之⼀居住在这座⼤都市。唯⼀与爱尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爱尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元⾸，由选举产⽣。爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。在爱尔兰独⽴战争和随后签署的《英爱条约》之后，爱尔兰于1922 年脱离联合王国获得独⽴。独⽴之初的爱尔兰只是⼀块（仍受英国控制的）⾃治领，在1931 英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特条例》后，爱尔兰才获得英国对其⽴法独⽴的正式承认。1937 年爱尔兰实施了⼀部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱尔

兰”。在1949 年，《爱尔兰共和国法案1948》获得通过，爱尔兰宣

布成为⼀个共和国。以⼈均GDP 计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家⾏列。1973 年，爱尔兰通过了⼀系列⾃由经济政策，这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧。1995 年到2007 年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其经济良好态势被2008 年爆发的史⽆前例的⾦融危机所中断，与此同时全球经济也遭受重挫。在2011 年和2013 年的《联合国⼈类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并且该国在国家发展的其他⼏个指标⽅⾯表现突出，包括媒体⾃由、经济⾃由和公民⾃由⽅⾯。该国奉⾏不结盟的中⽴外交政策。2011 年，爱尔兰⼈⼝为4588252 ⼈，⾃2006 年来增加了8.2%。截⽌2011 年，爱尔兰的出⽣率为欧盟最⾼（每千⼈每年出⽣16 名婴⼉）。2012 年，爱尔兰35.1%的新⽣⼉为未婚⼥性所⽣。在2002 年到2006 年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年⼈⼝增长率超过2%，这归功于较⾼速度的⾃然⼈⼝增长和移民。这个增长率在随后的2006 年到2011 年这个阶段稍微下降，此阶段的⼈⼝年增长率为1.6%。在性别平等⽅⾯，爱尔兰排名世界第五。在2011 年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第⼀名，世界最慈善国家第⼆名。在1979 年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响⼒的消退导致了爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。1983 年，第⼋修正案承认了“未出⽣的婴⼉的⽣命权”，其所具有的⽣命权资格与其妈妈的⽣命权资格是平等的。第⼗三和第⼗四修正案的通过确保了⼥性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。1937 年宪法禁⽌离婚的规定在1995 年通过的第⼗五修正案中被废⽌了。与欧盟平均⽔平相⽐，爱尔兰的离婚率⼗分的低，⽽爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍⾼于欧盟平均⽔平。爱尔兰宪法禁⽌死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族⽅⾯的歧视是违法的。爱尔兰在2002 年开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税，2004 年开始在公共场所禁烟，⽽这些举措在世界上均属⾸创。资源循环利⽤在爱尔兰开展的很⼴泛，爱尔兰的包装循环利⽤率在欧盟位居第⼆。

“No conflict or confrontation”is the prerequisite for the new model of major-country relations between us. According to somestudy of history, there have been about 15 cases of rise of emerging powers. In 11 cases, confrontation and war broke outbetween the emerging and the established powers. However, we now live in a different world. China and the United Statesand in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected.Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. Warwill get us nowhere. “No conflict or confrontation”means that we need tofollow the trend of globalization, reverse negative projections of China-US relations, address strategic distrust and buildconfidence in the future of China-USrelations. “Mutual respect”is a basic principle for this new model. We live in a world ofrich diversity. For China and the United States, two major countries different in social system, history and culture yet

connected by intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the more important. Only by respecting each other’s system and pathchosen by their people, as well as each other’s core interests and concerns can we seek common ground while reservingdifferences and, on that basis, expand common ground and dissolve differences so that China and the United States willbeabletolivetogetherinharmony. “Win-win cooperation”is the only way to turn the vision into a reality. There is an enormousneed and vast potential for bilateral cooperation in allfields. Besides, the world certainly needs Chinaand theUnited States,two major countries with great influence, to

work together and contribute on issues ranging from counter terrorism to cyber security, from nuclear non-proliferation toclimate change, and from peace in the Middle East to Africa’s development. Win-win progress is only possible when bothcountries are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover, such win-win outcome should not just be beneficial to China andthe United States, it should also be beneficial toallcountriesintheworld.2015 年5 ⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.

For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all theyears they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”

But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set toclose, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.

As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraidthat their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned thatthey must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.“There are a lot of people worried,”said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56,

worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954.“I would have liked to be here for another five years,”he said. “I’m too young to retire.”

But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit theaging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015. “We hadbeen working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,”said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for theutility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”

For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental

regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas. This month, the board of directors of theTennessee Valley Authority, the country’s largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabamaand Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than 150 coal plants have been closed orscheduled for retirement.

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions ofdollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality. In recent weeks, the agency held 11“listening sessions”around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.

“Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternativeslike wind and solar to replace them,”said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which wants toshut all of the nation’s coal plants.

For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too,

especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007 mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtuallyeveryone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside. But there is quiet acknowledgmentthat Carbon County will have to change —if not now, soon.

Pete Palacios, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as herecalled his first mining job. He was 12, and earned $1 a day. “I’m retired, so I’ll be fine. But these young guys?”PetePalacios said, his voice trailing off.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.

天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两⼴、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第⼀关”、“中国重晶⽯之乡”、“贵州⾼原黄⾦城”之称。天柱县总⾯积2201 平⽅公⾥，辖16 个乡镇，326 个⾏政村，总⼈⼝41 万余⼈，以侗、苗族为主的少数民族⼈⼝占98.3%。是贵州省少数民族⽐例最多的县份之⼀。

天柱蕴藏着丰富的⾃然资源。⽓候温和，⼟壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮⾷⽣产基地，享有“黔东粮仓”的美誉。当地年产烟叶2.6 万担（⼀担=50 公⽄），是中国烟叶主产区。这⾥林业资源丰富，森林⾯积达185 万亩（⼀亩=1/15 公顷），覆盖率达56%，是贵州⼗⼤林业基地县之⼀。重晶⽯、黄⾦、煤等矿产资源也⼗分丰富。

天柱乘西部⼤开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展，综合实⼒⽇益增长，⼈民⽣活⽔平在不断提⾼，产业结构调整⽇趋优化，基础设施建设得以加强，城镇⾯貌⽇新⽉异。“⽣态环境优美，⽂化教育优越，综合服务优化，⼈居条件优良，经济充满活⼒”的新天柱呈现在世⼈⾯前。

卡本县位于犹他州东部矿产丰富的地区，煤炭世代都是其⽣命线。每每回忆起在地下挖煤的艰苦岁⽉时，矿⼯家庭都觉得⽆⽐⾃豪。⼩镇街上的煤炭供应公司⼀家挨着⼀家。在蜿蜒通向矿区的道路上有⼀块⼴告牌，上⾯写着“煤炭等于⼯作”的标语，⼴告牌上⼀位满脸煤灰的矿⼯⽬光向外凝视。但最近，恐慌情况蔓延。卡本电⼚是犹他州历史最悠久的煤电⼚，它坐落于⼩镇附近的峡⾕之中，不过由于更为严格的联邦政府污染防治新法规的出台，它就被关闭。随着能源公司都摒弃煤炭转⽽使⽤更加清洁和更加廉价的天然⽓，这⾥的⼈越来越担⼼他们的家园将很快就会消失掉。数⼗位在卡本电⼚⼯作的员⼯已经得知，他们必须提前退休或者另谋职业。⾃18 岁起就⼀直在这家电⼚⼯作凯尔·戴维斯说：“许多⼈现在都忧⼼忡忡。”现年56 岁的戴维斯先⽣在该公司从清扫⼯⼈⼀路做到管理岗位，⽽这家电⼚的燃煤炉⾃1954 年来就没停⽌运⾏过。他说道：“我本想在公司再⼲五年的，毕竟现在我

还年轻，退休还早。”但是负责运营卡本电⼚的落基⼭电⼒公司已断定，如果为达到汞排放的联邦标准⽽对⽇渐⽼化的卡本进⾏翻新的话，代价将⾮常巨⼤，因⽽此举不可⾏。卡本电⼚计划于2015 年4 ⽉关闭。落基⼭电⼒公司的发⾔⼈⼤卫·艾斯克森说：“在过去三年的⼤部分时间⾥，我们都在尝试各种办法来满⾜新规定的要求，但在我们所尝试的办法中，没有⼀种办法的结果能满⾜要求。”过去⼏年⾥，由于环保法规更加严格、电⼒需求不断下降以及电⼒公⽤企业转⽽使⽤天然⽓，全国各地的燃煤电⼚纷纷关闭。本⽉，美国最⼤的公共电⼒公司——⽥纳西河流域管理局董事会投票决定关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基州的⼋家燃煤发电⼚并将其中⼀些电⼚升级为燃⽓发电⼚。⾃2010 年以来，有150 多家燃煤电⼚已经关闭或即将退役。美国国家环保局预计，对燃煤电⼚实施更加严格的排放法规可节省数⼗亿美元的医疗开⽀，并且对空⽓质量产⽣深远影响。最近⼏周，在没拟定⼆氧化碳排放的补充条例之前，国家环保局已在全国范围内举⾏了11 次“听证会”。“在美国，燃煤电⼚是危险的碳污染的最⼤单⼀来源。我们有现成的替代物来替代它们，⽐如风能和太阳能，”布鲁斯·奈尔斯说道。他是⼭峦俱乐部（美国⼀环保组织）发起的“不⽤煤炭”运动的负责⼈，该运动希望关闭美国所有的燃煤电⼚。对于这⾥的很多⼈⽽⾔，他们所知道的只有煤炭开采⼯作。煤炭⾏业也能在艰难时期将该地区团结起来，尤其是在2007 年造成9 ⼈死亡的矿难事件后的⿊暗时期，那次矿难就发⽣在那条⾼速公路往前35 英⾥的地⽅。普赖斯附近的所有⼈⼏乎都认识遇难者，其中有六名遇难者⾄今仍埋葬在⼭腰处。但是卡本县不得不转型，每个⼈对此都⼼照不宣——即便不是现在，那也是很快的事情。在煤矿⼯作了43 年的⽪特·帕拉斯奥斯见证了煤炭⾏业的兴衰。如今86 岁⾼龄的⽼爷⼦每当回忆起第⼀份挖煤⼯作时都会泪眼婆娑。那时候他才12岁，每天都有⼀美元的⼯资。“我现在退休了，可以安度晚年。但那些年轻的⼩伙⼦怎么办？”⽼爷⼦说道，声⾳渐渐消失。

汉译英

Located in the east of Guizhou, Tianzhu County is an important gateway from Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou to Guangxi,Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It is known to the world as the “First Pass in EasternGuizhou”, a“LandofBarite

inChina”anda “GoldCountyontheGuizhouPlateau”. With a total area of 2,201 square kilometers, Tianzhu County is composedof 16 townships and 326 administrative villages. Ethnic minorities, predominantly Dong andMiao, constitute 98.3% of thelocal population of more than 410 thousand. It is one of the counties with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities inGuizhou. Tianzhu boasts abundant natural resources. Endowed with moderate climate and fertile soil, it is a major grainproduction base in Guizhou and is crowned as the “Breadbasket in East Guizhou”. It isalso a major tobacco leaf producer inChina with an annual output of 26 thousand dans (one dan=50 kilograms). Furthermore, the extensive forests in the countycover anarea of 1.85million mus (one mu=1/15 hectare),56% of the county’s total area. Besides being one of the ten largestcounty-level bases of forest resources in Guizhou, it also abounds in barite,gold, coalandothermineralresources. Benefitingfrom the country’s “go west”campaign, Tianzhu County has entered into a fast track of development. Many encouragingchanges in comprehensive strengths have taken place in Tianzhu: steady economic growth, improvement of the people’slivelihood, adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, as well as infrastructure improvement.And today Tianzhu ispresenting a new image featuring a sound ecological environment, developed culture and education, improvedcomprehensive services and habitat conditions, as well asamore vibranteconomy totheworld.2014 年11 ⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.

It sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle routes running through a city with air pumps to fix flat tires, footrests tolean on while taking breaks and trash cans that are specially angled so you can throw in empty water bottles withoutstopping.

Best of all, you can cycle on those routes for long distances without having to make way for cars and trucks at junctions andtraffic lights, according to the official description of the Cycle Super Highways, which are under construction here as part ofthe Danish capital’s efforts to become carbon-neutral by 2025.

Are they as good as they sound? These days it is hard to find a big city that doesn’t make grandiose claims to encouragecycling, and harder still to find one that fulfills them. Redesigning congested traffic systems to add bike lanes to overcrowdedroads is fiendishly difficult, especially in historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like Copenhagen. But as its cyclingprogram sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it.

Maybe I’d be less cynical if I lived in Amsterdam, Cologne or any other city with decent cycling facilities, but as a Londoner,I’ve learned the hard way to be suspicious whenever politicians promise to do anything bike-friendly. London’s mayor, BorisJohnson, is a keen cyclist, who issues policy papers with auspicious titles like “Cycling Revolution”and has continued hispredecessor’s biking program by introducing a cycle-rental project and building new bike lanes.

So far so good, you may think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked trucks and construction debris that obstructthose lanes, many of which appear to have been designed by someone who has never seen a bicycle, let alone ridden one.London cyclists swap horror stories of dysfunctional cycle routes that end without warning or maroon them on the wrong sideof the road, though few can be more perilous than a new lane on Bethnal Green Road, which is blocked by a streetlight —anyone rash enough to use the lane has to brake sharply to avoid crashing into it.

Luckily for Copenhagen’s cyclists, their system has been more thoughtfully designed. The capital is a compact, reasonablyflat city that is naturally bike-friendly, and even its old cycle routes are wider and better maintained than London’s. More thana third of Copenhageners already bike to work or school, mainly on short journeys of an average of five kilometers, or threemiles. The city’s traffic planners hope to encourage people to cycle for longer distances by creating the cycling equivalent offreeways, which will provide fast, direct routes of up to 22 kilometers into the center. A total of 28 highways are planned,

providing 495 kilometers of dedicated bike tracks. The first one from the western suburb of Albertslund opened in April 2012,followed a year by the second, from Farum, northwest of the city.

What are the Super Highways like? Judging by my experience of the Farum route, they’re great.

Impressive though the air pumps, footrests and angled trash cans are, the biggest thrill was pedaling through the “greenwaves”of uninterrupted green traffic lights, which have been programmed to prioritize cyclists over cars.

It was also cheering to see bikers chatting while cycling two or three abreast in “Conversation Lanes.”Like most urban bikers,I usually value the practical benefits of cycling, as a speedy means of transport and convenient form of exercise, but the

Farum route made it as pleasurable as zipping along empty country lanes. The planners hope the full network will eventually

encourage a 30 percent increase in cycling among

Copenhagen’s commuters, which would be hugely beneficial in terms of reducing the city’s CO2 emissions and health carecosts.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.

能源安全同世界经济的稳定发展和各国⼈民的福祉息息相关。在当前国际⾦融危机背景下，维护全球能源安全对有效应对国际⾦融危机冲击、推动世界经济全⾯复苏和长远发展具有重要意义。

国际社会应树⽴互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观，共同稳定能源等⼤宗商品价格、防⽌过度投机和炒作，保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求，维护能源市场正常秩序。同时，各国应改善能源结构，加强先进能源技术的研发和推⼴，⼤⼒发展清洁和可再⽣能源，在相关领域积极开展国际合作。

中国政府⾼度重视能源和能源安全问题。在解决中国的能源问题上，始终坚持节约优先、⽴⾜国内、多元发展、保护环境的原则，加强国际互利合作，⼤⼒改善和调整能源结构，努⼒构筑稳定、经济、清洁、安全的能源供应体系。中国愿与世界各国⼀道共同努⼒，建⽴起能源合作长效机制，为保障全球能源安全、应对⽓候变化做出应有的贡献。答案

这听起来很不错：建设⼀个贯穿城市的⾃⾏车专⽤道路⽹，每条专⽤道设有⽓泵来给没⽓的车胎充⽓，脚凳以供骑车者休息时放脚，以及呈特定⾓度放置的垃圾桶来让骑车者不⽤停车就能扔放空⽔瓶。最重要的是，根据正在建设中的“骑⾏超级公路”的官⽅介绍，你能在这些专⽤道上长距离骑⾏⽽不⽤在⼗字路⼝或红绿灯时给汽车和卡车让道。“骑⾏超级⾼速”项⽬是丹麦⾸都哥本哈根为实现到2025 年成为碳中和城市这⼀⽬标所做的努⼒之⼀。这些⾃⾏车专⽤道真像听起来那么好么？近来，很难找到⼀个没⼤张旗⿎地宣称要⿎励骑车出⾏的⼤城市，⽽要找到⼀个将这种豪⾔壮语付诸实践的城市就更难了。重新设计拥堵的交通体系来给拥挤的道路上增设⾃⾏车专⽤道是及其困难的，特别是在诸如哥本哈根这样的历史名城，因为它们的道路都是窄窄的鹅卵⽯道路。但鉴于哥本哈根⾃⾏车出⾏计划听起来如此⾼⼤上，我就去体验了把。如果我是住在阿姆斯特丹、科隆或其他有完善的⾃⾏车

出⾏配套设施的城市，或许我就不会成为⼀个疑邻盗斧之⼈了。但作为⼀个伦敦⼈，我已经切⾝体会到了这样⼀点：⽆论什么时候政客们承诺实施有益于骑车出⾏的计划，你都要先打个⼤⼤的问号。伦敦市长鲍⾥斯·约翰逊热衷骑车出⾏。他发布了许多标题很吉利的政策⽩⽪书，如“骑车出⾏⾰命”这个标题，并且通过推出⾃⾏车租赁计划和建设新的⾃⾏车道，他把前任市长的骑车出⾏计划⼜推进⼀步。你会觉得，⽬前来看还不错，除⾮你作死⾮要在有坑洞或被停放的车辆和建筑残料堵塞的⾃⾏车道上骑⾏。许多这些⾃⾏车道似乎是从来没看过⾃⾏车的蠢货设计的，更别提那些坑坑洼洼的⾃⾏车道了。伦敦的骑车出⾏者常相互吐槽⾃⼰在这些不完善的车道上骑车的可怕经历，有的车道前⾯没路了也不⽴个警⽰牌，有的车道你骑错了⽅向就死也找不到转弯调换骑⾏⽅向的地⽅。不过这些⾃⾏车道都还没贝斯纳绿⾊公路上那个新建的⾃⾏车道危险，因为这个车道中间居然⽴有⼀个路灯——那些急不可耐要去使⽤该车道的骑⾏者得紧急刹车才能避免撞上路灯。对哥本哈根骑车出⾏者来说幸运的是，他们的⾃⾏车道系统设计更加周到。哥本哈根很⼩，道路很平坦，天然适合骑车出⾏，并且即便是该市⽼的⾃⾏车道也都⽐伦敦的⾃⾏车道要宽且保养更好。现在超过三分之⼀的哥本哈根市民骑车上班或上学，主要都是短距离骑⾏，⾥程平均在5公⾥，约3 英⾥。

“超级⾼速”到底是长啥样？根据我在法鲁姆超级骑⾏路线上的体验，这些⾼速⾃⾏车道真是太棒了。⽓泵、脚凳和有⾓度的垃圾桶让⼈印象深刻，不过最⼤的惊喜还是⼀路不间断绿灯骑⾏的快感，这些绿灯的设计就是给骑⾏者优先于汽车的特权。在“唠嗑车道”，并排骑⾏的两个或三个骑⾏者可以边骑车边唠嗑，这也太让⼈赞了！和其他⼤多数城市骑车出⾏者⼀样，我通常看重骑⾏的实际好处，它可以作为快速的交通⽅式和⼀种便捷的锻炼⽅式，但是法鲁姆超级骑⾏路线让骑⾏变得很让⼈享受，那赶脚就如同在乡间空旷车道上呼啸飞驰。“骑⾏超级⾼速”的规划者们希望这个⾃⾏车专⽤道路⽹最终能让哥本哈根通勤者中选择骑车出⾏的⼈增加30%，这将对哥本哈根削减⼆氧化碳排放量和医疗开⽀有巨⼤的好处。汉译英官⽅版译⽂：

“No conflict or confrontation”is the prerequisite for the new model of major-country relations between us. According to somestudy of history, there have been about 15 cases of rise of emerging powers. In 11 cases, confrontation and war broke outbetween the emerging and the established powers. However, we now live in a different world. China and the United Statesand in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected.Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. War will get us nowhere. “No conflict or confrontation”means that we need tofollow the trend of globalization, reverse negative projections of China-US relations, address strategic distrust and buildconfidence in the future of China-USrelations. “Mutual respect”is a basic principle for this new model. We live in a world ofrich diversity. For China and the United States, two major countries different in social system, history and culture yet

connected by intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the more important. Only by respecting each other’s system and pathchosen by their people, as well as each other’s core interests and concerns can we seek common ground while reservingdifferences and, on that basis, expand common ground and dissolve differences so that China and the United Stateswill

beabletolivetogether inharmony. “Win-win cooperation”is the only way to turn the vision into a